Transcript File

Chapter 12
Social/Behavioral Socialization
Outcomes
Prologue:
How do children learn how to treat one
another?
• Do different cultures have an varying
concepts of “goodness”?
• Why do some people behave like ogres in
that they lie, cheat, steal, or kill?
• Is the “hero role” just for boys, or can girls
assume it too?
Self-regulation/Behavior
• Self-regulation refers to the ability to regulate
one’s impulses, behavior, and/or emotions
until an appropriate time, place or object is
available
Fig. 12-1, p. 499
Self-regulation/Behavior
• Antisocial behavior: Aggression
– Development of aggressive behavior
• Biological theories (Freud, Lorenz)
• Learning theories (Bandura)
• Information processing
• Ecological
• Social cognitive theory
Table 12-1, p. 509
Self-regulation/Behavior
• Prosocial behavior
– Altruism – behavior that is kind,
considerate, generous, and helpful to
others
• Biological
• Learning (modeling, instruction, learning,
by doing)
• Cognitive-developmental
• Social-interactional
• Cultural theories
Fig. 12-2, p. 518
Table 12-2, p. 520
Morals
• Encompass an individuals evaluation of what
is right and wrong
– Moral development – one’s moral code
develops through social interaction and
reflects one’s ability to distinguish and act
on right and wrong
Morals
• Influences on moral development
– Several researchers believe that one’s
moral code develops through social
interaction (discussion, debate, and
emergence of consensus)
Morals
• Situational context – the situation an
individual is in often influences moral
development
Morals
• Individual contexts
– Temperament
– Self-control
– Self-esteem
– Age/intelligence
– Education
– Social interactions
– Emotions
Table 12-3a, p. 524
Table 12-3b, p. 525
Morals
• Socialization contexts
– Family
– Peers
– School
– Mass media
– community
Gender roles
• A gender role refers to the qualities
individuals understand to characterize males
and females in their culture
– Development of gender roles-sex typing
begins at birth
Fig. 12-3, p. 540
Gender roles
• Theories of gender role development
– Psychoanalytical theory (Freud)
– Social learning or social cognitive theory
(Mischel, Bandura)
– Cognitive-Development theory (Kohlberg)
– Gender schema theory (Bem, martin,
Halverson)
Gender roles
•
Influences on the development of gender
roles
1. Family-individual differences in sex typing
are influenced by parental involvement,
maternal work status, and sex typing of
parental roles within the home
2. Peers-peers tend to reinforce gender
stereotyping and to encourage sex
segregation that leads to boys and girls
differently
Gender roles
3. School-research has found that teachers
treat boys and girls differently
4. Mass media-tends to portray gender
stereotyped behaviors and expectations
5. Community influences through its
attitudes regarding what is appropriate
behavior for males and females and the
gender roles models it provides with
whom children can identify