Transcript A2 Physical Education Sport Psychology

A2 Physical Education
Sport Psychology
Leadership
Week 5
Revision
Leadership
Understand the
needs of
others
Good
communication
skills
Ambition
Think of Woody
from Toy Story!
Determination
What makes a good
Leader?
Highly
developed
perception
skills
Experience
Vision
Good at making
decisions
Empathy with team
members
Selection of a Leader
EMERGENT LEADERS: Already belongs
to the group & selection is made
formally, e.g. by vote or interview.
PRECRIBED LEADERS: Selected from
outside of the group and is known as an
external appointment.
Leadership Theories
IS A LEADER BORN OR MADE?
o TRAIT APPROACH: Leaders are born with the skills
necessary to take charge……however, although certain traits may
be helpful in leadership, they are not essential, so this theory is
NOT A GOOD PREDICTOR OF BEHAVIOUR.
o SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY: The skills of leadership can be
acquired by copying others and then developed through
experiences. Copying successful role models is called ‘vicarious
reinforcement.’ This DOES NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE
TRAIT PERSPECTIVE.
o INTERACTIONIST THEORY: Leaders emerge because of
inherited abilities (traits) and learned skills. Interactionist
theory gives a MORE REALISTIC EXPLANATION OF HUMAN
BEHAVIOURS IN SPORT.
Styles of Leadership
Autocratic Leaders
(task orientated):
• Tend to make all
decisions
• Motivated to complete a
task as quickly and
effectively as possible
• Authoritarian style –
they do not take into
account the groups
opinions
• Does not share
responsibility
• Effective when quick
decisions need to be made
Democratic
Leaders
(social/personal
orientated):
• Shares decisions
and responsibilities
with group
• Interested in
developing interpersonal
relationships within
the team
• Effective in coactive sports
Laisser-faire
Leaders:
• Leader stands
aside and allows the
group to make their
own decisions
• Members of this
type of group tend
to be aggressive
towards one
another when
mistakes occurred
and they gave up
easily.
Fiedler’s Contingency
Model
According to Fiedler, the correct style of leadership to adopt depends on the
‘favourableness’ of the situation.
Highly favourable situation
Highly unfavourable situation
Leaders position is strong
Leaders position is weak
Task is simple with clear structure
Task is complex with vague
structure
Warm group and leader relations
Hostile group and leader relations
AUTOCRATIC LEADERS are more effective in both the MOST
FAVOURABLE and the LEAST FVOURABLE situations.
DEMOCRATIC LEADERS are more effective in MODERATELY
FAVOURABLE situations.
Multidimensional Model of
Sports Leadership
LEADER
CHARACTERISTICS
ACTUAL LEADER
REQUIRED
BEHAVIOUR
BEHAVIOUR
the way in which the coach
normally goes about his job
what is expected by team
management of the coach
performance /
satisfaction
PREFERRED LEADER
BEHAVIOUR
the way in which members prefer
their coach to relate to them
SITUATION
CHARACTERISTICS
MEMBER's
CHARACTERISTICS
Multidimensional Model of Sports
Leadership
CHELLANDURAI believed that the effectiveness of the group could be judged
on:
1. The degree of success accomplished during a task
2. The extent to which the group experienced satisfaction while being led to the
goal.
SITUATIONAL, LEADER AND GROUP MEMBER CHARACTERISCS interact to
determine the behaviour adopted by the leader (these are ANTECEDENTS)
REQUIRED, ACTUAL AND PREFERRED BEHAVIOUR are 3 types of leader behaviour
that would be guided by these antecedents.
If all three of the leader behaviours are CONGRUENT (coincide exactly) then
members will be highly satisfied and produce high group performance.
Effective leadership has taken place if the ACTUAL BEHAVIOUR HAS SURPASSED
THE SITUATIONAL DEMANDS AND THE STYLE HAS MET WITH THE APPROVAL
OF THE GROUP.
Review the syllabus

Devise two
leadership
questions (3 and
4 marks)

Devise one
leadership essay
question (14
marks)
Leadership – traffic light sheet
Anything new that
I’ve learnt
Homework pg 212
Exam papers
Aspects of personality
Arousal
Controlling anxiety
Attitudes
Aggression
Confidence
Attribution theory
Group success
Leadership and any questions