Transcript Organizational Behavior 10e

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
• Orgenisation behavior is a systematic study of the action &
attitudes that people exhibit within orgenisation
Stephen Robins
• OB is the systematic study & careful application of knowledge
about how people –as individual & as group –act within
orgenisation.
• John Neuston
• Key parts of the definition
– Systematic study
» The use of scientific evidence gathered under controlled
conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably
rigorous manner to attribute cause and effect. (ppt 6)
» OB—its theories and conclusions—is based on a large
number of systematically designed research studies.
– Systematic study of actions (or behaviors) and attitudes include
three areas: productivity, absenteeism, and turnover.
» Managers clearly are concerned with the quantity and
quality of output that each employee generates.
» Absence and turnover—particularly excessively high rates—
can adversely affect this output
Characteristics / nature of OB
• Art as well as science
– The systematic of knowledge about human behaviour is a science & application of
this knowledge & related skills towards being art
• Human tool
– Is tool for solve human problem in orgenisation .
• Action & goal-oriented discipline
– Major goal of OB is to explain & predict human behaviour .
• Levels of analysis
– i) individual behaviour ii) group behaviour iii) behavior of the orgenisation
• Integrating approach
– It balance human ,technical & ethical values at work ,anthropology , psychology ,
social psychology ,sociology ,political science ,geography , IT
• Holistic approach
– It relates people ,whole group ,orgenisation as whole system
– Issue are analyzed in terms of whole situation
• Behavioral approach to management
– Behavioral approach of understanding human being , groups & orgenisation
• Universal principle
Elements of organizational behaviour
1. People
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Success of orgenisation depends on the psyche of its people –their
drive & focus
2. Process
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Process include policies ,methods, procedures , rules & regulation
3. Technology
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Provide the methods & technique of doing work
4. Environment
5. Vision
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It represent desire ,dreams ,hopes ,goals & plans
Need clear vision
6. Culture
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It is a system of shared values ,& beliefs that interact with company’s
people ,organizational structure & control system to produce
behavioral norms.
Contributing discipline to the OB
Study Of OB
Multidisciplinary Approach
Traditional Disciplines
Psychology
Sociology
Anthropology
Economics
Industrial engineering
Relevance to OB Topics
Drives, perception, attitudes, personality, stress, conflict,
emotions, leadership
Teams, roles, socialization, communication, power, structures
Culture, structure, intergroup conflict, coalition formation,
power and politics, decision-making, organizational
environments
Decision-making, negotiation, power
Job design, productivity, work measurement
Emerging Disciplines
Communications
Information systems
Marketing
Woman’s studies
Knowledge management, e-mail, socialization
Team dynamics, decision-making, knowledge management
Knowledge management, creativity, decision-making
Power, perceptions, diversity
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The autocratic model
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Models of OB
In this manager are only concern being profit ,employees welfare was neglected
This model work on power & obedience
Believes in strict discipline & command over employee behaviour
It useful where workers are lazy & have tendency to shirk work.
Worker feel frustrated or harassed.
Employee feel insecurity in job.
The custodian(guardian) model
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According factory act 1948 it is obligatory for an employer to take care of his
employees
Economic incentives & managerial orientation for motivation & job security
Fear of management in autocratic model is replaced by gratitude towards it
According this model money is the best way to motivate .
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The supportive model
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It is based on leadership rather than authority or economic rewards
The manager is more of leader than boss.
The leader has to crate environment of motivation & willingness among the
employee
Leaders assume that employee will take responsibility, make their contribution &
improve themselves if
This models take care of psychological need of the employee & security need .
The collegial model
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Collegial relates to group of person having common purpose
Orgenisation treat employee as partner
The manager had become a facilitator
Managers are not superior but coordinators
Entire work is carried out by a team
Under this model worker have job satisfaction , job involvement ,job commitment
Giving facilities , monetary & non-financial incentives push the employee give the
best
Challenges Facing the Workplace
Organizational Level
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Productivity
Developing Effective Employees
Global Competition
Managing in the Global Village
Group Level
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Working With Others
Workforce Diversity
Individual Level
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Job Satisfaction
Empowerment
Behaving Ethically
Workplace
Challenges and Opportunities
for OB
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Challenges and Opportunity for OB
1. Responding to Globalization
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Increased foreign assignment
Working with people from different cultures
Managing people during terror & war
2. Managing Workforce Diversity
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Workforce diversity means orgenisation becoming a more heterogeneous
mix of people in terms of gender , age , ethics, values.
Diversity if positively managed can increase creativity & innovation in
orgenisation & increasing decision making.
Managers have to shift their philosophy from treating everyone alike to
recognizing differences and responding to those differences in ways that
ensure employee retention and greater productivity
3. Improving Quality and Productivity
4. Improving Customer Service
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The management must create customer responsive culture
Prompt in responding customer need
Challenges and Opportunity for OB
5. Improving People Skills
6. Stimulation Innovation and Change
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Manager has to stimulate the employees creativity & tolerance for change
7. Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts
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OB offers a number of suggestion to guide manager in designing workplace
& jobs that can help employee deal with work-life conflicts.
8. Improving Ethical Behavior
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Managers needs to create an ethically healthy climate for his or her
employee in which employee can work productively
Minimize the dilemma regarding right & wrong behaviour.
9. Coping with temporariness
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Jobs are continually being redesigned ; task are increasingly being done by
flexible team
Workers must continually update their knowledge & skills to perform new
job
Managers & employee must learn to cope with temporariness.
10.Developing of work ethics & culture
Importance of OB
1. Helps manager in getting the work done through effectives
ways
2. To understand self & other
3. Helps to increase in employee satisfaction
4. It helps to develop work related behavior & job satisfaction
5. It helps in building motivating climate
6. It helps in building cordial industrial relations.
7. It implies effective management of human resources
8. It helps in predicting behavior & applying it in some
meaningful way to make orgenisation more effective
Limitations of OB
1. OB will not eliminate conflict & frustration; it can only
reduce them
2. Improved OB will not solve unemployment
3. Existence of behavioral bias
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Key forces affecting Organizational Behavior
People
•Individuals
•Groups
Environment
•Government
•Competition
•Societal pressure
Structure
•Jobs
•Relationships
Organizational Behavior
Technology
•Machinery
•Computer hardware&software