Transcript Weeks 3 & 4 – Socio-Ecological Models and - EDF4423

Week 3 – Socio-Ecological
Models and Physical Activity
Key Knowledge
1) Components of the social-ecological models (individual, social
environment, physical environment and policy)
Understanding the Model
Models are used to provide a framework to understand
the numerous factors and behaviours that enable or act
as barriers to physical activity participation. In the
context of physical activity, the term intervention is used
to describe a strategy, program or policy that is designed
to have an impact on physical activity participation.
Models are used to inform intervention development,
implementation and evaluation
Types of Models
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Health belief model—Many of these theories highlight the importance of self-efficacy in predicting
behaviour change. People with high self-efficacy believe that they are capable of performing in a
certain way to achieve set goals. People with low self-efficacy believe that they do not have the
power to affect their own performance or outcomes.
Transtheoretical model (stages of change model)—individuals move through stages: first, being
either aware or unaware of a problem with their behaviour with no thought to change; second,
wanting to change behaviour; third, making imminent plans to change; fourth, exhibiting the new
behaviour; and, finally, maintaining the new behaviour over an extended period of time.
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pre-contemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
termination
Theory of reasoned action/theory of planned behaviour—
intentions to engage in activity are a good predictor of future physical activity. Intentions among
individuals vary due to the influences of personal attitudes and adherence to social norms.
Smith, D. et al (2006). Live it up 2: VCE Physical Education Units 3 & 4. Australian
Council for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Q.L.D, Australia.
Why use a Socio-ecological model?
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To chance human behaviour it is very difficult!
Human behaviour is influenced by multiple factors, the
socio-ecological model helps to identify opportunities to
promote participation in physical activity.
When multiple levels of influence are addressed at the
same time, change in behaviour is more likely to be
successful and sustained
Components of the socialecological model
• Intrapersonal
• Perceived Environment
• Behaviour: Active Living Domains
• Behaviour Settings: Access and Characteristics
• Policy Environment
It is these factors that need
to be targeted when
designing physical activity
intervention programs.
It is these factors that
need to be targeted when
designing physical activity
intervention programs.
Source: Sallis, et al, (2006). An ecological approach to creating active living communities. Annual review of public health. (27): 297-322.
Intrapersonal
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Demographics
Biological
Psychological
Family Situation
knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, beliefs, perceived barriers
motivation, enjoyment
skills (including fundamental motor skills and sports specific skills)
abilities, disabilities or injuries
Age
Sex
Interventions:
level of education
socioeconomic status
• Education programs
employment status
self-efficacy.
• Support groups
• Counseling
• Mass media
Perceived Environment
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Safety
Attractiveness
Comfort
Accessibility
Convenience
Perceived crime
Behaviour: Active Living
Domains
Active Recreation
2. Active Transport
3. Household Activities
4. Occupational Activities
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Behaviour Settings: Access
and Characteristics
 Active
Recreation
Neighborhood – ped /bike facilities, aethetics, traffic safety
Recreation Environment – Home PA equipment, park, trails, facilities, programs, community
organizations, sports, pro and sedentary options
 Active
Transport
Neighborhood – walkability, ped / bike facilities, parking, transit, traffic
Info during transport – safety signage, radio ads and news, billboards
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Household Activities
PA equipment, Gardens, Stairs, Electronic entertainment, labor-saving devices Occupational Activities
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Workplace environment
Neighborhood walkability, parking, transit access, trail access, building design, stair design, PA facilities
and programs
Policy Environment
1) Active Transport
 Zoning Codes, development regulations, traffic investments, traffic demand
management, parking regulations
2) Occupational Activities
 School policies, PE policies and funding, Facility access policies, Facilities budget
3) Household Activities
 Subsidized equipment, health care policies, zoning codes, home prices, housingjobs balance
4) Active Recreation
 Health care policies and incentives, public recreation investments, park policies,
transport investments
There are many ways to
present this model
Adapted from Sallis, J F & Owen, N 1999, Physical Activity and Behavioural Medicine,
Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, California, USA.