Transcript Slide 1
Science and induction • General induction (*** preferred ***) – Hypothesis based on many pieces of information (evidence, exemplars, premises) – E.g., a scientific theory about a lot of different experimental results • Specific induction – Hypothesis based on only one piece of evidence – E.g., scientist creates a new theory after doing one experiment Other types of induction • Explanatory induction (*** preferred ***) (aka, Abduction) – Hypothesis seeks to explain evidence – E.g., scientific theory explains in detail how certain concepts relate to each other • Descriptive induction – Hypothesis describes the evidence – E.g., scientific theory describes a pattern or label of what’s going on Theories of Health Behavior • Health Belief Model (HBM) – Your knowledge of a particular area of health determines your behavior – Rosenstock, 1974 – Your behavior is based on • 1) perceived threat of getting a particular disease • 2) perceived effectiveness of taking actions to avoid the disease More theories of health behavior • Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) • Azjen & Fishbein, 1980 – Healthy behavior based on your intentions – i.e., if you intend to be healthy, you will be healthy – Officially called “behavioral intention” • 1) attitudes toward healthy activities • 2) the people around you (social norms) More theories of health behavior • Social Cognitive Theory – Bandura, 1977 – People do what is rewarding; they don’t do what is punishing – Based on whether you believe an action is rewarding or punishing • Based on personal experiences • Or, based on other people’s experiences (“vicarious learning”) More on social cognitive theory • Social Cognitive Theory (continued) – Self-efficacy you have to believe that you can accomplish a goal – Determines whether you engage in a healthy behavior More theories of health behavior • Transtheoretical model (TTM) – Prochaska & DiClemente, 1984 – All individuals divided into different groups based on their health behavior – Series of stages of health behavior from worst to best More on transtheoretical model • Stages of Change: – Precontemplation: don’t think about or care about your health – Contemplation: first start thinking about your health – Preparation: start making a plan for your health – Action: start carrying out the plan – Maintenance: keep up the healthy behavior over time (6 mos. Or longer)