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Socialization
 Process by which humans become
participating members of society
 1. The transmission of cultural values,
attitudes, and norms
 2. The development of personality
Attitude

A predisposition to
act, think, feel in
relation to a given
value
Socialization via Sport
Socialization into Sport
Socialization
 Socialization via sport- Learning Values
 Dominant American Sport Creed (Edwards)
 1. Character Building
 2. Discipline
 3. Competition
 4. Physical and Mental Fitness
 5. Religion
 6. Nationalism
Social “Target”: How do we teach?
Cooperation
 Sportsmanship
 Competition

Physical Education Teacher
Education: Domains
Physical
 Cognitive
 Affective
 Social Behavior Scales:
 Blanchard:
 Popular with classmates
 Seeks responsibility in the class
 Loyal to group

Carr Attitude Scale ( purposedetermine attitudes of girls- pe)
 Being a leader is a fine responsibility
 Playing
games with a group is more fun
than playing alone
 I like games that have lots of vigorous
activity in them.
Socialization
 Socialization into sport- Acquire and
perform roles (Social Learning Theory:
Bandura’s work)
 Agents of Socialization
 1. Family
 2. School
 3. Peer Groups
 4. Mass media
Model of Socialization (Hess)
 Neophyte (new to group)
 Process (role modeling, rewards)
 Normative Attitudes/ Values (competition,
respect for the rules, achievement)
 Conformity
 System sustaining behavior ( peer agents)
 Agencies/ Institution
 Socializing agents
Bandura: Social Learning Theory
 Vicarious learning facilitates learning in
individuals as they observe other persons
performing
 Stimulus properties of a model (age,
gender, status) will influence imitative
behavior
 The more complex the skill, the poorer the
degree of imitation
 Reinforcement is important
Merton’s Theory of Social
Deviance
Adaptation Mode
 1. Conformity
 2. Innovation
 3. Ritualism
 4. Retreatism
 5. Rebellion

Goals
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Means
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Morality Play: College Athletes are
Ethically Impaired.
 Can Morals be taught?
 What is Character?
 Sharon Stoll ( U. of Idaho) Moral
Development class
 States: athletes are worst at moral thinking:
 Opponents viewed as obstacles,
development sense of entitlement.
Theory and Practice of
Gamesmanship :1949
 What is gamesmanship? “
 The Art of Winning Games Without Actually
Cheating”
 Clothesmanship
 When t o Give Advice
Sport Behavior of Youth, Parents,
Coaches
University of Notre Dame ( 2005):
 Survey by 803 athletes from 9 to 15, 189 parents,
61 youth sport coaches
 one in ten acknowledge cheating
 13 percent tried to injure an opponent
 13 percent argued with an official
 13 percent made fun of a less skilled teammate
 27 percent admitted to acting like a “bad sport”

Coach and Student-Athletes as
Moral Agents ?
WVU Survey (2007 Bowl Game)
Is winning everything?