Transcript How am I Doing? School Librarian Self

How am I Doing? School Librarian
Self-Efficacy and Gauging
Relationships with Other School
Stakeholders
Anthony Chow, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Library and Information Studies
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
Overview
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Introduction
Literature
Method
Results
Discussion and Conclusions
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Introduction
 A case study of four school libraries introduced
strategic planning as a way to build consensus and
increase communication among school stakeholders.
 How do we measure the impact on the school
librarian?
 I created the School Librarian Self-Efficacy and Social
Information Processing Scale
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Literature
 Self-efficacy is defined as, “beliefs in one’s capabilities to
mobilize the motivation, cognitive resources, and courses of
action needed to meet given situational demands” (Wood &
Bandura, 1989, p. 408)
 GSE or General Self-Efficacy is defined as “one’s belief in
one’s overall competence to effect requisite performances
across a wide variety of achievement situations” (Eden, in
press) or as “individuals’ perception of their ability to
perform across a variety of different situations” (Judge,
Erez, et al., 1998, p. 170)
 New Generation Self-Efficacy Scale (Chen, Gully, & Eden,
2001)
 8-item scale that measures self-efficacy
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Literature (2)
 Social Information Processing Theory (Colucci & Rice,
2009)
 Social Information Processing Theory (SIP) (Rice, 1993;
Salancik & Pfeffer, 1978) holds that
 Individual evaluations of Job Characteristics and Job
Satisfaction are a reflection of social influence factors, such as
information, modeling, and cues regarding social consensus
from three factors:
1.
Communication behavior with others
2. Social cues regarding job satisfaction attitudes
3. Social cues regarding job characteristics attitudes
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School Librarian Self-Efficacy and
Social Information Processing Scale
Social
Cues
Regarding
Job
Satisfacti
on
Attitudes
Communi
cation
with
Others
How am I Doing?
SelfEfficacy
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Social
Cues
Regarding
Job
Characteri
stics
Attitudes
Research Questions
 RQ1: What is the current self-efficacy and “social
reality” of school librarians?
 RQ2: Would introducing strategic planning positively
impact school librarian self-efficacy and the three
factors comprising one’s “social reality”?
 RQ3: What is the impact of one’s social relationships
with general self-efficacy?
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Method
 Case studies of four school librarians
 Two elementary, one middle, and one high school
 Pretest of all four using SESIPS
 Teacher survey (n=58)
 Parent survey (n=6)
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Results – Pretest of all four
Please rate your overall quality of communication with others:
With parents
With students
With teachers
With school leaders
With subordinates
With peers
In general
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
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4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
Results (2) – Pretest of all four
Please rate overall how satisfied you think people are with the job you are doing (take your best guess):
With parents
With students
With teachers
With school leaders
With subordinates
With peers
In general
4.60
4.80
5.00
5.20
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5.40
5.60
5.80
6.00
Results (3) – Pretest summary of all
four
6.00
5.00
4.00
Please rate your overall quality of communication
with others:
3.00
Please rate overall how satisfied you think people
are with the job you are doing
2.00
Please rate overall how well people understand
what you do in your job:
1.00
0.00
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The Tale of Two School Librarians
Please rate your overall relationships with:
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
Please rate your overall
relationships with:
1.00
0.00
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Librarian 1 – Pretty Confident!
SE Factor
Average Rating
1. I will be able to achieve most of the goals that I have set for
myself.
6.50
2. When facing difficult tasks, I am certain that I will accomplish
them.
5.75
3. In general, I think that I can obtain outcomes that are
important to me.
6.25
4. I believe I can succeed at most any endeavor to which I set
my mind.
6.25
6.25
5. I will be able to successfully overcome many challenges.
6. I am confident that I can perform effectively on many different
tasks.
6.00
6.25
7. Compared to other people, I can do most tasks very well.
6.25
8. Even when things are tough, I can perform quite well.
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Social cues suggest stakeholders are
more satisfied….
7
6
5
4
3
Pre
Post
2
1
0
In general
With peers
With
With school With teachers With students With parents
subordinates
leaders
Please rate overall how satisfied you think people are with the job you are doing (take your best
14
guess):
Pre-teacher ratings
(5.3 average; n=8)
Rate your overall satisfaction level with your school library on the following items on a scale of 1-7.
(1=lowest satisfaction level, 10=highest satisfaction level)
My overall satisfaction level with the school library
is...
My school library has an adequate supply of
technology resources.
The school library supports my students’
coursework and assignments.
I understand how best to use the school library.
0.00
15
2.00
4.00
6.00
7
Seeing an improvement with two
groups, not so much for a third…
6
5
4
3
Pre
2
Post
1
0
In general
With peers
With
With school
subordinates leaders
With
teachers
With
students
With parents
Please rate overall how well people understand what you do in your job:

I have begun to make a very positive impact on the staff, in general, as they have come to understand my role
as a provider for quality, instructional technology resources. It has only been in the last month that I have been
able to lead a professional development workshop. Two of my administrators were present for it and both
expressed that they thought the session was well done. I believe it was the first time they really recognized my
potential as an untapped resource. A few of the teachers were surprised that I invited the entire faculty to
collaborate on lessons. They did not know that I would be willing to "teach".
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A second librarian – great things are
happening
8
7
6
5
4
Pre
3
Post
2
1
0
In general
With peers
With
With school With teachersWith students With parents
subordinates
leaders
Please rate your overall quality of communication with others:
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Satisfaction is improving… ah that’s
what she does!
7
6
5
4
3
Pre
2
Post
1
0
In general
With peers
With
With school With teachersWith students With parents
subordinates
leaders
Please rate overall how satisfied you think people are with the job you are doing (take your best
guess):
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Relationships are also improving….
8
7
6
5
4
3
Pre
2
Post
1
0
Your co-workers
Your
subordinates
Your school
leaders
Your school's
teachers
Your students
Please rate your overall relationships with:
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Your students'
parents
Pre-teacher Ratings
(5.2 average; n=11)
Rate your overall satisfaction level with your school library on the following items on a scale of 1-7.
(1=lowest satisfaction level, 10=highest satisfaction level)
My overall satisfaction level with the school library
is...
My school library has an adequate supply of
technology resources.
The school library supports my students’
coursework and assignments.
I understand how best to use the school library.
0.00
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1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
Self-efficacy and confidence is
flowering!
7
6
5
4
3
2
Pre
1
Post
0
1. I will be able 2. When 3. In general, I 4. I believe I
5. I will be
6. I am
7. Compared 8. Even when
to achieve facing difficult think that I can succeed
able to
confident that to other
things are
most of the tasks, I am
can obtain at most any successfully I can perform people, I can tough, I can
goals that I certain that I outcomes endeavor to overcome effectively on do most tasks perform quite
have set for
will
that are which I set my
many
many
very well.
well.
myself.
accomplish important to
mind.
challenges.
different
them.
me.
tasks.
Please rate your overall confidence in the following:
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Scale Composite Scores
SL1
SL1
Pre
Post
Pre
Post
SESIS
5.2
5.4
4.0
5.4
Teacher Satisfaction
5.33
12 Questions
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5.19
Discussion and Conclusions
 Building a school library strategic plan
 Empowers librarians to establish an ideal vision
 Encourages collaboration
 Active, assertive steps towards building a collective
vision for the future
 School Librarian Self-Efficacy and Social Information
Processing Scale provides a way of measuring impact
and current social “reality”
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Research Questions
 RQ1: What is the current self-efficacy and “social reality”
of school librarians?
 Too early to tell – One continues to do well, the other is
doing really well
 Relationships with parents, leaders, and teachers continue
to lowest rated
 Need to increase sample size
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Research Questions
 RQ2: Would introducing strategic planning positively
impact school librarian self-efficacy and “social
reality”?
 Preliminary data suggests “yes”
 Both responding librarians have experienced growth
and improvement in the areas of communication and
attitudes towards job satisfaction and job
characteristics.
 Again need to increase sample size
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Final Thoughts
 Just getting started
 My new book, Library Technology and User Services, details the
strategic planning process explicitly within the context of
technology and user services.
 I’m a systems designer and live by the motto, “Make your own
luck”
 Create an ideal vision of what you want to become
 Work backwards securing the resources and means necessary to
accomplish your goals
 Work hard and you will be a lot closer to achieving that vision then
you are today !
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Are you interested?
 I would be happy to:
 Provide you with our online strategic planning instrument
 Email support if needed
 Provide you access to the self-efficacy and social information
diagnostic scale
 Just leave me your name and email address and we will be in
touch with you
 I just want your data (completely anonymous and confidential) to
help refine and validate the instruments so they are truly effective
and worthwhile….
 The slides will be available at anthonyschow.wordpress.com
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References
Colucci & Rice, 2009
Chen, G., Gully, S., & Eden, D. (2001). Validation of a New General
Self-Efficacy Scale. Organizational Research Methods 2001; 4; 62
Eden, D. (in press). Means efficacy: External sources of general and
specific subjective efficacy. In M. Erez, U. Kleinbeck,&H. Thierry (Eds.),Work
motivation in the context of a globalizing economy. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence
Erlbaum.
Judge, T. A., Erez, A.,&Bono, J. A. (1998). The power of being positive:
The relation between positive self-concept and job performance. Human
Performance, 11, 167-187.
Rice, 1993
Salancik & Pfeffer, 1978
Wood, R. & Bandura, A. (1989). Social Theory of Organizational
Management. Academy of Management Review, 1989, Vol. 14, No. 3, 361-384.
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Contact Me
 Anthony Chow, Ph.D.
 [email protected]
 anthonyschow.wordpress.com
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