Transcript Developmental Psychology - David Sedghi's Home Page

“From the womb to the tomb”
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 1-A Developmental Perspective
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
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Developmental Psychology
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Includes physical, cognitive, emotional, and social
changes during the life span
What are some of the changes that occur over our
lives?? How have you changed?
LIFE CHANGES
PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT
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Prenatal Period
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Infancy
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_________________________________________________
____________
Includes the developmental period from birth to
about age 2
Childhood
Early- preschool years ages 3 through 5
 Middle- ________________________
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Adolescence
Early- ages 12 through14
 Middle- ages 15 through 19
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PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT
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Adulthood
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Early- 20’s and 30’s
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Middle-40’s and 50’s
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Issues include achieving intimacy, career choices, marriage,
and potential parenthood.
Issues include launching children, changing physical
performance, increased freedom, and increased career
success
Late-60’s and Over
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Issues include
_______________________________________________________
PERSPECTIVES ON DEVELOPMENT
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Development is Multidimensional
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Social
Emotional
Cognitive
Physical
Development is Continuous
 Both Heredity and Environment influences
development _________vs_____________
 Development is Cumulative
 Development is Variable
 Development Reflects Gender Differences
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PERSPECTIVES ON DEVELOPMENT
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Research Methods Videos 1
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Research Methods Video 2
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Research Methods Video 3
DATA COLLECTION METHODS
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Psychologists collect data on development using
interviews, case studies, surveys, standardized testing
and naturalistic observation
Lets take a minute and look at some surveys and how to
collect important data.
Class Polls
DESCRIPTION
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_______________
technique for ascertaining the self-reported
attitudes or behaviors of people
 usually by questioning a representative, random
sample of people
 (+) inexpensive / reach many people / specific
 (-) sampling errors / over and under reporting
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DESCRIPTION
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observation technique
in which one person is
studied in depth in the
hope of revealing
universal principals
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close examination of
published material
DESCRIPTION
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Population
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______________________
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All the cases in a group, from which samples may be
drawn for a study
A sample that fairly represents a population because
each member has an equal chance of inclusion
Representative Sample
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A sample which accurately represents a population
based on statistics and percentages.
DESCRIPTION
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_______________________
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observing and recording
behavior in naturally
occurring situations
without trying to
manipulate and control the
situation
EXPERIMENTATION
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Experiment
an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent
variables) to observe their effect on some behavior or mental
process (the dependent variable)
 by random assignment of participants the experiment controls
other relevant factors
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EXPERIMENTATION
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______________ Procedure
both the research participants and the research staff are
ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have
received the treatment or a placebo
 commonly used in drug-evaluation studies
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an inert substance or condition that may be administered
instead of a presumed active agent, to see if it triggers the effects
believed to characterize the active agent
EXPERIMENTATION
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Experimental Condition
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the condition of an experiment that exposes participants to
the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent
variable
Control Condition
the condition of an experiment that contrasts with the
experimental treatment
 serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the
treatment
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EXPERIMENTATION
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__________________________
assigning participants to experimental and control conditions
by chance
 minimizes pre-existing differences between those assigned to
the different groups
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EXPERIMENTATION
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_____________ Variable
the experimental factor that is manipulated
 the variable whose effect is being studied
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_____________ Variable
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the experimental factor that may change in response to
manipulations of the independent variable
in psychology it is usually a behavior or mental process
EXPERIMENTATION