Transcript Chapter 2 – The Diversity of Life

Chapter 2 – The Diversity of Life
is a boring topic
Classification – based on evolution
and bone structure
A. Need for Classification
• To study unity and diversity of living things
• To make things easier to study
Phylogenetic Tree
Background Vocabulary
• Heterotrophic Nutrition:
– organisms must obtain their own food
Autotrophic Nutrition
• Organisms can make their own food
– examples: chemosynthesis, photosynthesis
Multicellular organisms
• An organism made up of more than one cell
Unicellular Organisms
• An organism made up of one cell
Euglena
Ameba
Paramecium
Prokaryote (pro-no)
• A single celled organism that DOES NOT have
a distinct nucleus.
Eukaryote (eu-do)
• A cell that DOES HAVE a distinct nucleus.
Taxonomy
• Division of biology that deals with the
classification and naming of living and extinct
organisms
Kingdom
Broadest – many organisms
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Scientific
Name
Most specific – 1 organism
Classification
 Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 species
Organizing systems
• Making sense out of the differences
Eastern gray squirrel
Sciurus carolinensis
History of Classification
• Used to be 2 or 3 kingdoms
• Development of microscope changed that
Modern Classification System
Grouped into 6 Kingdoms
• 1 Plant
– Multicellular
– autotrophic (photosynthesis)
2.Animal
• -multicellular
• - heterotrophic (obtain food)
3.Fungi
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Heterotrophic
Multicellular
Digest and absorb nutrients from the environment
Ex. Mushrooms, yeast (only unicellular fungus)
4.Protista
• Generally unicellular
• Some are heterotrophic, some are autotrophic
• Have a distinct nucleus
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Ex. Ameba, paramecium, euglena
5. Archaebacteria- (prokaryotes)
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• Ancient Bacteria
• Unicellular, no distinct nucleus
Extremophiles- live in extreme environments
• Acidic, hot environments
Ex. Ulcers, thermoacidophiles, halophiles and
methanogens.
6. Eubacteria: (prokaryotes)
• Unicellular, no distinct nucleus
• Modern Bacteria
• Heterotrophic
– Salmonella, Strep
– Photosynthetic
– Blue- green bacteria
Prokaryotes
Kingdom
Bacteria
Kingdom
Archaebacteria
Kingdom
Protist
Eukaryotes
Kingdom
Fungi
Kingdom
Plant
Kingdom
Animal
Nomenclature – Scientific Names
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Binomial Nomenclature – 2 names
Originated by Carlos Linnaeus
Names are in Latin - universal
Italicized
First Name – Genus (Capitalized)
Second Name – Species (Not Capitalized)
***In order to mate and produce fertile offspring
all groups must be identical including the species
Name the Genus and Species for the
following:
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Felis domestica
Felis leo
Felis tigris
Homo sapiens
Homo erectus
Canis lupus
Canis domestica