Transcript Taxonomy and Classification

Taxonomy and Classification
Wide Variety of Living Things
 Over 2 ½ million identified species live on
earth.
 Classification allows us to divide them into
small, manageable, logical groups.
How can Organisms be Classified?
How would you classify living things?
Here are some possible classification groups:
Multicellular vs. Unicellular
Multicellular – An
organism that is
made of many cells
Multicellular vs. Unicellular
Unicellular – An organism that is made of one
cell
Autotrophic vs. Heterotrophic
Autotrophic – (Self
Feeder) An
organism that can
make its own food
Autotrophic vs. Heterotrophic
Heterotrophic –
(Other Feeder) An
organism that can
not make its own
food
Endothermic vs. Exothermic
Endothermic –
(Warm-blooded)
An organism that
regulates its body
temperature
internally
Endothermic vs.
Exothermic
Exothermic – (Coldblooded) An
organism that
externally regulates
its body
temperature
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Prokaryote – An
organism that does
not have a nucleus
in its cell
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Eukaryote – An
organism that has a
nucleus/nuclei in
its cells
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is the
science of grouping
and naming
organisms.
Reasons for Taxonomy
1. See relationships easily
2. Provide universal names (reduce
confusion)
What is the name of this animal?
Puma?
Mountain
Lion?
Cougar?
Catamount?
Panther?
What is the name of this animal?
 In any language
this animal’s
scientific name is
Puma concolor.
Our Classification System
 System is based on
the work of Carolus
Linnaeus (17071778).
Hierarchical System Based on
Structural Similarities
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
Make Your Own Mnemonic Device!
 King
K
 Paul
P
 Called
C
 Out
O
 For
F
 Good
G
 Soup
S
Kingdom Expansion
 The classification system has changed over
the years
 For example, going from two kingdoms
(plant and animal) to five (or six).
The Five Kingdom System
(plus one)
Monera
 All are unicellular
and prokaryotes
 More than 10,000
species
 Examples: bacillus,
streptococcus, E.
coli
Monera
 Some taxonomists have split Monera into
two different kingdoms: Bacteria and
Archaea
 Differences are in their molecular biology.
The Five Kingdom System
Protista
 Eukaryotic, unicellular, lack tissue systems
 90,000 – 200,000 species
 Examples: amoeba, algae, euglena
Protista/Protist
The Five-Kingdom System
Fungi
 Heterotropic, eukaryotic, multicellular
 About 100,000 species
 Examples: yeast, mushrooms
Fungi
The Five-Kingdom System
Plantae
 Autotrophic, eukaryotic, multicellular, with
cell wall
 About 500,000 species
 Examples: pitcher plant, pepper, English ivy,
sugar maple
Plants
The Five-Kingdom System
Animalia
 Heterotrophic, eukaryotic, multicellular,
complex organ systems
 More than 1,000,000 species
 Examples: field mouse, clam, sea horse,
praying mantis
Animals
Binomial Nomenclature
 Nomenclature: the process of naming
organisms.
 Binomial: two names; consisting of genus
and species
Homo sapiens
Binomial Nomenclature
 Genus name is Capitalized
 species name is not
 Both names are italicized or underlined
 This Genus species is known as the
scientific name.
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens
Names are Usually
 Descriptive
Example:
Trifolium
agrarium
Trifolium =
Three Leaves
Names are Usually
 Related to range
Example:
Linnaea borealis
Borealis = Nordic
Names are Usually
 Honors a scientist or friend
Example:
Linnaea borealis
Linnaea is named
after Carolus
Linnaeus