Transcript Cells and Heredity

Cells and Heredity
Chapter 1
“The Cell”
Bell Work 8/22/11
Please get our your signed syllabus sheet
Please get a green bell work sheet from by the
sinks and begin answering the following
questions in complete sentences
1.
2.
What is your favorite science topic?
What is the best experiment you’ve ever
performed? Explain the experiment and the
results
Card Sorting Activity
1.
2.
What are the characteristics of living
things?
How do you know something is not
living?
Living or Non-Living Activity
1.
2.
3.
How did you decide if the item was living
or non-living?
What does it mean to be alive?
Did you have difficulties with any of the
items? If so, which item and what do
you need to know in order to figure it
out?
Bell Work 8/23/11
Please answer these questions on your bell work
sheet. Please use complete sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Is a cactus alive?
Is a seed alive?
Is the air we breathe alive?
Explain what you think it means for
something to be alive.
Lab Safety
For this lab you will need to…
1. Wear goggles at all times.
2. Stay away from the flame.
3. Listen for teacher’s instructions.
Candle Activity 8/17/10
Procedure
1. Carefully light one candle.
2. Sit quietly and observe the candle.
3. Make these observations in the lab section of
your science journal
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4.
What does the flame do?
What happens to the wax?
Discuss these questions with your group and
record the answers in your science journal
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How does the candle seem alive?
How do you know for sure that it is not?
Cells 1.1 Vocab
Make a T chart in the Notes part of your science
journal
 Organism (p.9) – Any individual form of life
that is capable of growing and reproducing.
 Unicellular (p.11) – An organism that is made
up of a single cell.
 Multicellular (p.11) – An organism that is
made up of many (more than one) cells.
 Microscope (p.12) – An instrument that makes
an object appear larger than it is.
 Bacteria (p.14) – A large group of one-celled
organisms that sometimes cause disease.
Homework 8/17/10
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Make a list of at least 3 living things and 3
non-living things that you find in your
house.
List how you know that each item is living
or non-living
Class Assignment
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Read pages 9-15 with your partner.
Write down 3 things that you learned from
the reading in the notes section of your
journal.
Bell Work 8/24/11
1.
2.
Why do you think the invention
of the microscope was
important? (pg 12)
What do scientists mean when
they say that life comes from
life? (pg 13)
Characteristics of Life
1.
2.
3.
4.
Organization
The ability to develop and grow
The ability to respond to the
environment
The ability to reproduce
The Cell
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All living things are made of cells.
The cell is the smallest unit of a living
thing.
The cell is the basic unit of function in an
organism.
What activities that plants and animals do
are carried out by cells?
The Cell Theory
1.
2.
3.
Every living thing is made of one or more
cells.
Cells carry out the functions needed to
support life.
Cells come only from other living cells.
Peach Lab
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P. 15 Louis Pasteur’s experiment
Bacteria and Spontaneous Generation
Explain peach lab
Explain Lab Write Up procedure
Bell Work 8/25/11
Read pg 14-15 then answer the
following:
1.
2.
What are two characteristics of a
scientific theory?
Explain how Pasteur’s experiment
supported the cell theory and failed
to support the theory of
spontaneous generation.
Bell Work 8/26/11
Explain the characteristics
that confirm that an Oak
Tree is living.
(hint: look back at the characteristics of life and
explain how an Oak Tree has each of those
characteristics)
Bell Work 8/20/10
Fill in the blanks (you only have to write the answer)
1.
____ confirmed the cell theory by proving that the
theory of spontaneous generation was wrong.
2.
When an organism is made up of only one cell, it is
called a(n) _____ organism.
3.
Hooke used a(n) ______ to observe cells from the
bark of an oak tree.
4.
An individual living thing that carries out the
activities of life is called a(n) _____
5.
The smallest unit that is able to perform the basic
activities of life is a(n) ______.
6.
A frog is a(n) _____ organism.
Bell Work 8/23/10
Please write complete sentences.
1.
2.
What is the role of the cell
membrane?
Give 3 examples of multicellular
organisms.
Vocab 1.2
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Cell membrane – a protective covering
enclosing an entire cell.
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A layer that controls what enters or leaves the
cell.
Cytoplasm – A thick, gelatin-like material
contained within the cell membrane.
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Most of the work of the cell is carried out
here.
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Organelle – A structure in a cell that is
enclosed by a membrane and that performs
a particular function.
Nucleus – The structure in a eukaryotic cell
that contains the genetic material a cell
needs to reproduce and function.
Mitochondria – Organelles that release
energy by using oxygen to break down
sugars.
Endoplasmic reticulum – begins the
process of manufacturing proteins
Golgi apparatus – finishes the
process of manufacturing proteins
ribosomes – manufacture or
build proteins
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Cell wall – Only plant cells have these. A
tough outer covering that lies outside the
cell membrane.
Chloroplast – An organelle in a plant cell
that contains chlorophyll, a chemical that
uses the energy from sunlight to make
sugar.
Central Vacuole – stores waste and water in
a plant cell
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Eukaryotic cell – a cell in which the genetic
material is enclosed within a nucleus,
surrounded by its own membrane. (most
multicellular organisms)
Prokaryotic cell – A cell without a nucleus and
without organelles. Genetic material is in the
cytoplasm. (most unicellular organisms)
Bell Work 8/24/10
Match the definition to the correct term. Please
write the term and the definition on your bell
work sheet. When finished please begin
working on your cell coloring sheet.
1.
2.
3.
A cell with no nucleus
A cell with a cell wall and a nucleus
A device for viewing microorganisms
a. eukaryotic
b. prokaryotic
c. microscope
d. telescope
e. plant cell
Bell Work 8/25/10
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Please have out your cell coloring sheet
While working on the bell work please
observe the peaches (no more than 3
people at a peach)
Bell work question – list three
structures found in plant cells that are not
in animal cells. Tell why each is not
necessary in animal cells
Section 1.3 Notes
Organisms are classified by their cell type
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Most of the organisms alive on Earth today are
made of single cells
3 domains for living things that are based on
characteristics of their cells.
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Archea – organisms that can live in extreme
environments
Bacteria – can also live in extreme environments
and can multiply quickly
Eukarya – includes plants, animals, and fungi
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Prokaryotes
 unicellular organisms with prokaryotic cells
 Cytoplasm contain ribosomes but no organelles
 Structure is simple
 Have a tough cell wall that protects the
organism
Eukaryotes
 Cells with a nucleus
 Includes almost all multi-cellular organisms
 Also includes unicellular organisms called
protists
 Cells are complex in structure and larger than
the cells of prokaryotes
Cells in multicellular organisms specialize
Specialization – Specific cells that perform
specific functions.
 Different types of cells have different jobs
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Example – most animals have blood cells,
nerve cells, and muscle cells
 Example – plants have cells that function in
photosynthesis, cells that draw water from
soil, and cells that function to support the
plant’s weight.
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Tissue – group of similar cells that are
organized to do a specific job
Ex. skin tissue – provides protection and
support for a human
 Ex. Leaf tissue – provide protection and
support for a plant
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Organ – a structure in an organism that is
made up of different tissues working
together to perform a particular function.
Ex. Eye – allows sight
 Ex. Leaf – provides a plant with energy and
materials
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Level
1
2
3
4
5
5 levels of organization
Name
Animal Example
Plant Example
Bell Work 8/26/10
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Good Morning – Please do not touch any
of the lab equipment!
While working on the bell work please
observe the peaches (no more than 3
people at a peach)
Bell work question – Complete the
Venn diagram from your notes yesterday.
On your bell work sheet write “in notes”
for today
Bell Work 8/26/10
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While working on the bell work please
observe the peaches (no more than 3
people at a peach)
Bell work question – List the five levels
of organization and give an example for
each for a monkey
Bell Work 8/27/10
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While working on the bell work please
observe the peaches (no more than 3
people at a peach)
Bell work question (answer in at
least 2 complete sentences) – How is a
model similar to the real object it
represents? How is it different?
(see pg 32 if you are having difficulties)
Bell Work 8/30/10
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Good morning, please get a new pink
bell work sheet from the counter with
the sinks.
List the function of each of the following
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Chloroplast
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Bell Work 9/1/10
write the sentences and fill in the blanks
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2.
3.
4.
The smallest unit that can perform the basic
activities of life is _______
Van Leeuwenhoek was one of the first people
to see live cells by using a ______
A plant cell organelle that uses energy from
sunlight to make sugar is called a ________
Almost all multicellular organisms on Earth
belong to the domain ________
Bell Work 9/2/10
1.
2.
A tree has different parts, such as leaves
and roots, that have specific functions.
What does that tell you about its cells?
Not all cells in a tree contain
chloroplasts, but the cells in the leaves
do. Why is this?
Bell Work 9/3/10
List the 3 parts of
the cell theory