Transcript Types of Cells

CELLS
What is a Cell?
• Cells are small compartments that
hold all of the biological equipment
necessary to keep an organism alive
and successful on Earth.
Types of Cells
• Eukaryotic
– Cells with a
nucleus.
– Animal and Plant
• Prokaryotic
– Cells without a
nucleus.
– Bacteria
An Overview of Cells
• All living things are made of cells.
• Cells are the basic units of structure
and function in living things.
• Cells form the parts of an organism
and carry out all of an organism’s
processes, or functions.
Cell Structure
• All living organisms on Earth are
divided in pieces called cells.
• The structures of living things are
determined by the variety of ways in
which cells are put together.
– There are smaller pieces to cells that
include proteins and organelles.
– There are also larger pieces called
tissues and systems.
Cell Function
• An organism’s functions are the processes
that enable it to stay alive and reproduce.
– obtaining oxygen
– getting rid of wastes
– obtaining food
– growing
• A main purpose of a cell is to organize.
– Cells hold a variety of pieces and each cell has a
different set of functions.
Cell Size
• The invention of the
microscope made it possible
for people to discover and
learn about cells.
• Unicellular – made up of a
single cell.
– bacteria & protists
• Multicellular – made up of two
or more cells.
– fungi, plants and animals
Multicellular Organisms
• When
multicellular
organisms grow
in size, it is
because their cells
multiply in
number.
• When cells reach
a certain size,
they will go
through the
process of cell
division (mitosis).
Animal Cells
• Animal cells are the
cells found in animals.
• You are made up of
trillions of animal
cells.
• An animal cell is a very
complicated system.
– Animal cells have three
main parts; cell
membrane, cytoplasm
and nucleus.
– Animal cells have many
organelles that carry
out life processes.
Plant Cells
• Plant cells are cells
that are in plants.
• Plant cells are like
animal cells, but they
have a cell wall and
chloroplasts.
• A very special process
that takes place inside
of the chloroplasts in
plant cells is called
photosynthesis.
Bacterial Cells
• Prokaryotes
– lacking well-defined nuclei and
membrane-bound organelles
• They come in many shapes and
sizes.
– spheres, cylinders, spiral threads,
flagellated rods, and chains
• They are found practically
everywhere on Earth and live in
some of the most unusual and
seemingly inhospitable places.
• They are essential to human life
and life on planet Earth.
• Although they are notorious for
their role in causing human
diseases, from tooth decay to the
Black Plague, there are
beneficial species that are
essential to good health.
Common Cell Structure
• Cell Membrane
– Works like a screen.
– It lets the good things
in like nutrients and
lets the bad things out
like waste.
• Cytoplasm
– The jelly-like part of the
cell where the action
takes place.
– It is where the nutrients
are used.
• Nucleus/DNA
– The brain of the cell.