Transcript Anatomy Unit 4: Cell Theory & Cellular Structures

Anatomy Unit 4:
Cell Theory &
Cellular Structures
Cell Theory
•
Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert
Hooke when he looked at a slice of dried
cork. He also observed that:
1. All living things are comprised of cells.
2. Cells are the smallest “living” unit in an
organisms.
3. Cells come from previously existing cells.
Typical Cell
Cell Organization
Cell Organization
•
The cell includes two basic parts:
1. Cell Membrane (outer covering of
cell)
2. Cytoplasm
• Cytosol (fluid portion of the
cytoplasm)
• Organelles (cell “organs” or
Cell Membrane
•
•
•
•
Outer boundary
Physical
Chemical
Comprised of two layers of lipid (fat)
– Outer and inner layers
• Proteins
• Proteins give the cell its unique
“personality” or function
Cell Membrane
Function of Membrane Proteins
1.
2.
3.
4.
Transport (in and out of cell)
Receptors
Cell adhesion
Cell recognition
Cytoplasm
•
Is comprised of:
1. Cytosol (fluid
portion of the
cytoplasm)
2. Organelles (cell
“organs” or
functional parts)
Organelles
•
Components of a cell
Mitochondria
• Bean shaped
• Outer and inner membranes
Mitochondria
• Inner membrane folded into cristae
• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced
on cristae.
• ATP is high energy compound.
• ATP only produced in mitochondria.
Nucleus
Nucleus
•
•
•
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Control center of cell
Contains DNA/chromosomes
Genetic repository for ~ 35,000 genes
Genes control the synthesis of proteins in
each cell.
• Red blood cells don’t have a nucleus.
• Skeletal muscle cells have multiple nuclei.
Vacuole
• Is in both plant and animal cells
• Is much larger in plant cells- controls water
Plant Cells
• Plant cells contain all of the organelles
previously discussed.
• They do have two organelles that are
different than an animal cell.
Chloroplast
• Contains the chlorophyll (green pigment in
plants)
• Remember photosynthesis???
Cell Wall
• Gives plant cells structure