Transcript FUNGI

FUNGI
FUNGI
• COMMON FUNGI
EXAMPLES:
– Mushrooms, yeasts,
molds, morels, bracket
fungi, puff balls
FUNGI
• GENERAL INFORMATION
– Primarily decomposers – return organic
matter to the soil
– Used to produce antibiotics like penicillin
– Used for food – mushrooms, yeast
– Parasites – plants and animals (athlete’s foot,
ringworm)
FUNGI
• OVERVIEW
– Nonmotile organism than obtain food by
decomposing organic matter
– Once considered plants, but contain no
chlorophyll and are not photosynthetic
– Also unlike animals, therefore placed in own
kingdom
FUNGI
• DOMAIN EUKARYOTA
– KINGDOM FUNGI
• General characteristics
– Eukaryotic
– Heterotrophic
– Have cell walls with chitin (different than plant, protist,
and bacterial cell walls)
– May be unicellular but most are multicellular
molds
mildews
rusts
smuts
yeasts
mushrooms
GIANT PUFFBALL
FUNGI
• BASIC FUNGI BODY
STRUCTURE
– Hyphae
• Individual filaments that
contain cytoplasm and
one or more nuclei
• Secrete enzymes to
digest food
• Nutrients absorbed
through cell wall
FUNGI
– Mycelium
• Entwined
hyphae
• Most of fungus,
under substrate
(surface it’s
growing on)
FUNGI
• FRUITING BODY
– Visible part
– Contains spore producing structures
– Like a mushroom cap
FUNGI
• FEEDING TYPES
(NUTRITION)
– Saprophytic – feed on
dead matter
– Parasitic – feed on
living organisms
FUNGI
• HABITATS
– Need organic material, moisture
– Live almost everywhere, from polar icecaps to
deserts to oceans
– Reach new areas through spores carried by
wind
– Spores are necessary to find new food
sources
FUNGI
• FOUR GROUPS OF FUNGI -- 81,500
species of fungi divided by structure and
reproduction
– ZYGOMYCETES – bread molds
– ASCOMYCETES – sac fungi (morels, truffles,
and yeasts
– BASIDIOMYCETES – mushrooms, puff balls
– DEUTEROMYCETES – imperfect fungi
(penicillium)
FUNGI
• Common molds –Zygomycetes
– Frequently found in soil or on dead animals or
plants
– Hyphae lack septa
– Specialized hyphae
• Rhizoids that absorb nutrients and hold molds to
their food source
• Stolons that connect groups of rhizoids together
• Sporangia produces spores during reproduction
FUNGI
• ZYGOMYCOTA gets its name from the tough
spores produced during sexual reproduction
FUNGI
• Sac fungi –Ascomycetes
• Powdery mildews, yeasts, fungi in lichens, and
morels
• Characteristic that links these are production of
saclike structures called asci during sexual
reproduction
• Asexually reproduction is rare
FUNGI
• Club Fungi –Basidiomycetes
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Mushrooms are club fungi
Have a tendency to reproduce sexually
Asexually reproduction is rare
Three visible structures of mushrooms
– Stipe
– Cap
– Gills made from tightly packed mycelia
• Fruiting bodies are called basidia
Structure of Mushroom
annulus
stipe
FUNGI
• Imperfect fungi – Deuteromycetes
• Reproduce asexually and NOT sexually
• Examples are athlete’s foot & ringworm
• Example that is helpful is Penicillium because it
make the antibiotic
• Spores called conidia come from hyphae called
conidiophores
FUNGI
• ECOLOGICAL ROLES
– Decompose dead organisms; clear out dead
plants and animals
– Recycle nutrients
FUNGI
• ECOLOGICAL ROLES
– SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
• LICHEN --a symbiotic association
between a fungus and a
photosynthetic partner, usually a
cyanobacterium or green alga.
• The fungi hyphae provide protection and hold
moisture while food is provided by the
photosynthetic partner.
FUNGI
• ECOLOGICAL ROLE -- SYMBIOTIC
RELATIONSHIP WITH PLANT ROOTS
• Mycorrhizae: a symbiotic
association between a fungus and plant
roots.
• Over 90% of plants have fungi associated with
their roots. The fungus absorbs and
concentrates phosphates for delivery to the plant
roots. In return, the fungus receives sugars
synthesized by the plant during photosynthesis.
FUNGI
• ECONOMIC ROLE
– Used directly as food, or to make food
• Yeasts are useful in the making of bread
and fermented drinks.
FUNGI
• ECOLOGICAL ROLE
– Some parasitic fungi are actually
human pathogens causing athlete's
foot and ringworm
– Some parasitic fungi are plant
pathogens that destroy crops
– Produce medicine (antibiotics)
IMPERFECT FUNGI
IMPERFECT FUNGI