Transcript Review for Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Test

Review for Bio EOC 2013
Study hard
Difficult concepts!!!!!
Which of the following is NOT an
example of a heterotroph?
•mushroom
•Grass
•Leopard
•human
Look at Figure 8-1. All of the
following are parts of an ADP
molecule EXCEPT
structure A
structure C
structure B
structure D
Figure 8-1
Which structures shown in Figure
8-1 make up an ATP molecule?
A and B
A, B, C, and D
Figure 8-1
A, B, and C
C and D
Energy is released from ATP when
•
•
•
•
a phosphate group is added
ATP is exposed to sunlight.
adenine bonds to ribose.
a phosphate group is removed.
Which of the following
is an autotroph?
•Mushroom
•Dog
•Monkey
•tree
In Figure 8-1, between which parts
of the molecule must the bonds be
broken to form an ADP molecule?
A and B
C and D
B and C
all of the above
Figure 8-1
Most plants appear green because
chlorophyll
• does not absorb green light.
• absorbs green light.
• reflects violet light.
• none of the above
The light-collecting units of a
chloroplast are the
• Electron carriers.
• stroma.
• photosystems.
• high-energy sugars.
What are the products of the lightdependent reactions?
•oxygen gas
•NADPH
•ATP
•all of the above
Which of the following are used in
the overall reactions for
photosynthesis?
•carbon dioxide
•Light
•Water
•all of the above
A granum is a(an)
•
•
•
•
stack of chloroplasts
membrane enclosing a thylakoid
stack of thylakoids.
photosynthetic pigment molecule.
Which step is the beginning of
photosynthesis?
• Pigments in photosystem I absorb
light.
• Pigments in photosystem II absorb
light.
• High-energy electrons move through
the electron transport chain.
• ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass
through the thylakoid membrane.
If carbon dioxide is removed from a
plant’s environment, what would
you expect to happen to its
production of high-energy sugars?
• More sugars will be produced.
• No sugars will be produced.
• The same number of sugars will be
produced but without carbon dioxide.
• Carbon dioxide does not affect the
production of high-energy sugars in plants.
Organisms that cannot make their
own food and must obtain energy
from the foods they eat are called
• autotrophs.
• thylakoids.
• heterotrophs.
• plants.
Organisms, such as plants, that
make their own food are called
•autotrophs.
•thylakoids.
•heterotrophs.
•pigments.
Plants gather the sun’s energy with
light-absorbing molecules called
•pigments.
•chloroplasts.
•thylakoids.
•glucose.
The Calvin cycle is another name
for
• light-independent reactions.
• light-dependent reactions.
• photosynthesis.
• all of the above
Plants take in the sun’s energy by
absorbing
•high-energy sugars.
•Chlorophyll.
•chlorophyll a.
•sunlight.
If you continue to increase the
intensity of light that a plant
receives, what happens?
• The rate of photosynthesis increases with
light intensity.
• The rate of photosynthesis decreases with
light intensity.
• The rate of photosynthesis increases and
then levels off.
• The rate of photosynthesis does not
change.
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to
convert water and carbon dioxide
into
• oxygen.
• ATP and oxygen.
• high-energy sugars.
• oxygen and high-energy
sugars.
Which of the following is NOT a
stage of cellular respiration?
•Calvin cycle
•Glycolysis
•electron transport
•Krebs cycle
What is a product of the Calvin
cycle?
•oxygen gas
•high-energy sugars
•ATP
•carbon dioxide
The starting molecule for glycolysis
is
•ADP.
•citric acid.
•pyruvic acid.
•glucose.
Which of the following affects the
rate of photosynthesis?
•Water
•light intensity
•Temperature
•all of the above
All of the following are sources of
energy during exercise EXCEPT
• stored ATP.
• lactic acid fermentation.
• alcoholic fermentation.
• cellular respiration.
What are the reactants in the
equation for cellular respiration?
• oxygen and lactic acid
• glucose and oxygen
• carbon dioxide and water
• water and glucose
Which process is used to produce
beer and wine?
•lactic acid
fermentation
•alcoholic fermentation
•Glycolysis
•the Krebs cycle
One cause of muscle soreness is
• alcoholic fermentation.
• lactic acid fermentation.
• glycolysis.
• the Krebs cycle.
Aerobic cellular respiration uses
one molecule of glucose to produce
•2 ATP molecules.
•36 ATP molecules.
•12 ATP molecules.
•100 ATP molecules.
Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts
as cellular respiration is to
•chloroplasts.
•mitochondria.
•cytoplasm.
•nucleus.
Which process does NOT release
energy from glucose?
•Glycolysis
•Fermentation
•Photosynthesis
•cellular respiration
Plants cannot release energy from
glucose using
•glycolysis.
•the Krebs cycle.
•photosynthesis.
•cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration releases energy
by breaking down
•food molecules.
•carbon dioxide.
•ATP.
•water.
Which of the following is released
during cellular respiration?
•Oxygen
•Energy
•Air
•lactic acid
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in
• bread dough.
• any environment containing
oxygen.
• muscle cells.
• mitochondria.
Which of these is a product of
cellular respiration?
•Oxygen
•Glucose
•Water
•all of the above
The two main types of fermentation
are called
• alcoholic and aerobic.
• alcoholic and lactic acid.
• aerobic and anaerobic.
• lactic acid and
anaerobic.
Aerobic cellular respiration is called
an aerobic process because it
requires
•light.
•oxygen.
•exercise.
•glucose.
In the presence of oxygen,
glycolysis is followed by
• Lactic acid fermentation.
• photosynthesis.
• alcoholic fermentation.
• the Krebs cycle.
The products of photosynthesis are
the
• products of cellular respiration.
• products of glycolysis.
• reactants of cellular
respiration.
• reactants of fermentation.
Unlike photosynthesis, cellular
respiration occurs in
•animal cells only.
•all but plant cells.
•plant cells only.
•all eukaryotic cells.
Pathway A represents which type
of cellular respiration?
•
•
•
•
aerobic cellular respiration
alcoholic fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
Photosynthesis
•
Pathway A
Glucose Pyruvic acidLactic acid + 2 ATP
•
Pathway B
Glucose Pyruvic acid Carbon dioxide + Ethyl alcohol + 2 ATP
•
Pathway C
Glucose Pyruvic acid Carbon dioxide +Water+36 ATP
The energy of the electrons
passing along the electron
transport chain is used to make
•lactic acid.
•alcohol.
•citric acid.
•ATP.
Pathway B represents which type
of cellular respiration?
•
•
•
•
aerobic cellular respiration
alcoholic fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
Photosynthesis
•
Pathway A
Glucose Pyruvic acidLactic acid + 2 ATP
•
Pathway B
Glucose Pyruvic acid Carbon dioxide + Ethyl alcohol + 2 ATP
•
Pathway C
Glucose Pyruvic acid Carbon dioxide +Water+36 ATP
Pathway C represents which type
of cellular respiration?
• aerobic cellular fermentation
• alcoholic fermentation
• lactic acid fermentation
• Photosynthesis
•
Pathway A
Glucose Pyruvic acidLactic acid + 2 ATP
•
Pathway B
Glucose Pyruvic acid Carbon dioxide + Ethyl alcohol + 2 ATP
•
Pathway C
Glucose Pyruvic acid Carbon dioxide +Water+36 ATP
• Pathway A
• Glucose Pyruvic acidLactic acid + 2 ATP
• Pathway B
• Glucose Pyruvic acid Carbon dioxide + Ethyl alcohol + 2 ATP
• Pathway C
• Glucose Pyruvic acid Carbon dioxide +Water+36 ATP
Without gas exchange, a plant
would be unable to
• make food
• make minerals
• absorb sunlight
• absorb water from the soil.
Which term below is LEAST
closely related to the others?
•Fruit
•Ovary
•seed
•cone
Living on land required that
plants
• evolve photosynthetic
pigments
• conserve water
• exchange gases
• have cell walls.
Which of the following is NOT a
characteristic of all plants?
•are eukaryotic
•produce seeds
•have cell walls
•are multicellular
Plants use the energy of
sunlight to
• exchange gases with the
atmosphere
• carry out cellular respiration
• take in water from the soil
• carry out photosynthesis.
Xylem and phloem are NOT
•transport subsystems
•present in bryophytes
•vascular tissues
•present in ferns.
Which of the following includes
all the others?
•Xylem
•Phloem
•vascular tissue
•tracheids
A monocot is an angiosperm
that has
•a taproot
•one seed leaf
•branched veins
•two seed leaves.
Which of the following includes
a plant embryo, a food supply,
and a protective covering?
• pollen grain
• Seed
• Spore
• gametophyte
Ground tissue is found in plant
• stems only
• roots and stems only
• stems and leaves only
• roots, stems, and leaves.
Which of the following should a
student examine under a
compound microscope to observe
cell division?
• epidermis of a leaf
• xylem from a tree trunk
• tip of a shoot
• phloem from the leaf of a plant
The vascular cylinder of a root
consists of
• xylem only.
• phloem only.
• xylem and phloem.
• xylem, phloem, and ground
tissue.
Angiosperms produce seeds
inside protective structures
called
•pollen grains
•Ovaries
•Cones
•petals.
Root pressure
• causes a plant’s roots to absorb
water.
• forces the water in xylem
downward.
• is produced in the cortex of the
root.
• is produced in the vascular
cylinder by active transport.
If some of the xylem of a young oak
tree was destroyed, it would most
likely interfere with the tree’s ability
to
• conduct sugars to the roots
• absorb carbon dioxide from
the air
• absorb sunlight
• conduct water to the leaves.
Most of the photosynthetic activity
in plants takes place in the
•mesophyll.
•guard cells.
•stomata.
•xylem.
Which of the following is the only
tissue that produces new plant
cells?
•meristematic tissue
•ground tissue
•phloemd
•xylem
The stomata of leaves are usually
open in
• light if a plant has enough water.
• light if a plant has too little water.
• darkness if a plant has enough
water.
• darkness if a plant has too little
water.
Water will move higher in a narrow
glass tube than in a wide glass tube
because of
•adhesion only.
•pressure.
•capillary action.
•cohesion only.
A seed plant is anchored in the
ground by its
•stems.
•leaves.
•roots.
•trichomes.
Vascular tissue in plants consists of
• meristem.
• parenchyma and collenchyma
cells.
• xylem and phloem.
• epidermal cells.
A carrot is a(an)
•taproot.
•monocot.
•fibrous root.
•extensive root system.
Minerals from the soil move into
roots by
•diffusion.
•active transport.
•transpiration.
•root pressure.
Seeds dispersed by animals
typically are contained in
•fleshy, nutritious fruits.
•buoyant structures.
•cones.
•lightweight structures.
One of the main functions of stems
is to
• carry out photosynthesis.
• transport substances
between roots and leaves.
• store carbohydrates.
• store water.
The attraction of water molecules
to other molecules is called
•adhesion.
•capillary action.
•cohesion.
•transpiration pull.
The seed type shown in Figure 245 that is generally dispersed by
animals is(are)
Through which plant cells does
water move by capillary action?
•phloem cells
•mesophyll cells
•guard cells
•xylem cells
A seed that is dispersed to an area
far away from the parent plant
might face less
•Alternation
•germination.
•pollination.
•competition.
The sterile leaves of a flower are
the
•carpel and stamens.
•stigma and style.
•filaments and anthers.
•sepals and petals.
Corn, sugar beets, cauliflower, and
cabbage were all developed by
•plant propagation.
•pollination.
•germination.
•selective breeding.
Pollen grains are produced by
• male reproductive structures.
• ovules.
• female reproductive structures.
• flowers.
The early growth stage of a plant
embryo is called
•fertilization.
•germination.
•dormancy.
•pollination.
A ripened ovary that contains
seeds is called a(an)
•embryo.
•fruit.
•ovule.
•vegetable.
Seeds that are dispersed by wind
and water typically are
•lightweight.
•nutritious.
•large.
•sweet and fleshy.
Most people in the world depend
on food crops such as
• sugar beets, cabbage, and
broccoli.
• strawberries, chilies, and
avocadoes.
• wheat, rice, and corn.
• apples, grapes, and strawberries.
RNA Contains the Sugar
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Ribose
Deoxyribose
Glucose
Lactose
Ribose
Unlike DNA, RNA Contains
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Adenine
Uracil
Phosphate groups
Thymine
Uracil
Which of the following are found in
both DNA and RNA
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A.Ribose, phosphates groups, adenine
B.Deoxyribose, phosphate groups, guanine
C.Phosphate groups, guanine, cytosine
D.Phosphate groups, guanine, thymine
C
What is the indicator for RNA
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Uracil
Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine
Uracil
Which of the following is true
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RNA is usually single stranded
DNA is usually single stranded
DNA contains uracil
RNA contains thymine
A
Which type of RNA brings info in the
genetic code from the nucleus to other
parts of the cell
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rRNA
tRNA
mRNA
RNA polymerase
mRNA
Which molecules are involved in
protein synthesis
•
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tRNA, introns, mutagens
mRNA, introns, mutagens
rRNA, tRNA, mutagens
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
D
From which molecules are mRNA
molecules transcribed
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tRNA
rRNA
DNA
Proteins
C
What is produced during transcription
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RNA
DNA
RNA polymerase
Proteins
A
How many nucleotides are needed to
specify 3 amino acids
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3
6
9
12
9
What happens during translation
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mRNA is made from DNA code
The cell uses a mRNA code to make proteins
tRNA is made from mRNA code
Copies of DNA molecules are made
B
Which of the following terms is LEAST
closely related to the others
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Spindle fiber
tRNA
Polypeptide
Anticodon
A
During translation, the type of amino
acid that is added to the growing
polypeptide depends on the
• Codon on the mRNA and anticodon on the
rRNA
• Anticodon on the mRNA and the anticodon on
the tRNA
• Anticodon on the rRNA and the codon on the
mRNA
• Codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the
tRNA
• D
A protein is being assembled when
•
•
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•
•
DNA is being translated
RNA is being transcribed
RNA is being translated
DNA is being transcribed
C
Genes contain instructions for
assembling
•
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•
Operons
Nucleosomes
Proteins
Mutagens
C
Which is the correct sequence of the
transfer of info in most organisms
•
•
•
•
•
Protein to DNA to RNA
RNA to DNA to protein
DNA to RNA to protein
RNA to protein to DNA
C
In eukaryotes
• Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm,
translation takes place in the nucleus
• Transcription takes place in the nucleus,
translation takes place in the cytoplasm
• Transcription and translation both take place
in the nucleus
• Transcription and translation both take place
in the cytoplasm
• B
Most mutations
•
•
•
•
•
Have no effect on organisms
Are fatal
Are helpful
Are harmful
A
Make the DNA compliment
• ATTCGGCATTGCCAT
Codon is also
•
•
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•
rRNA
tRNA
mRNA
None
mRNA
Anticodon is also
•
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•
rRNA
tRNA
mRNA
None
tRNA
Make the mRNA from
• TTACCGGACTATCAT
When does replication take place
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Mitosis
Meiosis
Protein synthesis
All 3
Mitosis
Make a flow chart of replication
• DNA…hydrogen bonds split…DNA is copied….2
exact copies
Make a flow chart of protein synthesis
• DNA…mRNA…tRNS…Amino Acid… Protein
Make the complimentary strand
• ATTCGGATCCAG
Make the tRNA
• UGGACCUAGUGGACC
Translation is LEAST like
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tRNA
Protein synthesis
mRNA
mRNA
Transcription is LEAST like
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mRNA
tRNA
DNA
tRNA
Make the compliment, then the
mRNA, then the tRNA
• AGGCATTAGCGAATTTAGCCC
Which cell structure contains the
cell’s genetic material and controls
many of the cells activities?
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Organelle
Nucleus
Cell envelope
cytoplasm
Cells fall into two broad categories,
depending on whether they
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•
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•
Have a cell wall
Contain chloroplasts
Have a nucleus
Contain genetic material
Eukayotes usually contain:
•
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Genetic material
Specializec organelles
A nucleus
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT
found in the nucleus?
•
•
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•
Nucleolus
chromatin
Cytoplasm
DNA
Which structures carry out cell
movement?
•
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•
•
Chromosomes
Microtubules and microfilaments
Nucleolus
cytoplasm and ribosomes
Which organelle breaks down
compounds into small particles that
the cell can us?
•
•
•
•
Golgi apparatus
lysosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondrion
Which organelle makes proteins
using coded instructions that
come from the nucleus?
• Golgi apparatus
• Mitochondrion
• Vacuole
• Ribosome
Which organelle converts the
chemical energy stored in food into
compounds that are more
convenient for the cell to use?
•
•
•
•
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
chloroplast
Which of the following is a function
of the cell membrane?
• Breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and
proteins from foods
• Regulates which materials enter and leave
the cell
• Keeps the cell wall in place
• Stores water, salt, proteins and
carbohydrates
Diffusion occurs because:
• Molecules constantly move and collide
with one another
• Molecules never move or collide with one
another
• The concentration of a solution is never
the same throughout a solution
• The concentration of a solution is always
the same throughout a solution.
An animal cell that is surrounded
by fresh water will burst because
the osmotic pressure causes
•
•
•
•
Water to move into the cell
Water to move out of the cell
Solutes to move into the cell
Solutes to move out of the cell
The cells of multicellular organisms
are:
• Not dependent on one another
• Specialized to perform particular functions
• simpler than those of unicellular
organisms
• Smaller than those of unicellular
organisms.
Who was the first person to identify
and see cells?
•
•
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•
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Matthias Schleinden
Robert Hooke
Rudolf Virchow
The thin, flexible barrier around a
cell is called the
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Cell wall
Cell envelope
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Prokaryotes lack
•Cytoplasm
•A nucleus
•Genetic material
•A cell membrane
Which of the following contain a
nucleus?
•Bacteria
•Organelles
•Eukaryotes
•Prokaryotes
The main function of a cell wall is to
• Store DNA
• Support and protect the cell
• Direct the activities of the cell
• Help the cell move
Which of the following is a function
of the nucleus?
•
•
•
•
Controls most of the cell’s processes
Contains information to make proteins
Stores DNA
All of the above
Which of the following is a function
of the cytoskeleton?
• Contains DNA
• Helps keep the cell in shape
• Surrounds the cell
• Helps make proteins
Which of the following is an
organelle found in the cytoplasm?
•
•
•
•
Ribosome
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Cell wall
Which organelle would you expect
to find in a plant cells?
Mitrochondria
Chloroplast
Ribosome
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following structures
serves as the cell’s boundary from
its environment?
• Chloroplast
• Channel proteins
• Cell membrane
• Mitochondrion
Diffusion is the movement of
particles from
• An area of low concentration to an area of
high concentration
• An area of equilibrium to an area of high
concentration
• An area of high concentration to an area of
low concentration
• All of the above
The diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane is
called
• Osmosis
• Osmotic pressure
• Facilitated diffusion
• Active transport
Which term refers to cells having
different tasks in an organism?
•Multicellular
•Cell specialization
•Unicellular
•Levels of organizaton
Mathching: Know the functions of
these organelles:
•
•
•
•
•
Nuclueus
Mitochondria
Free ribosomes
Vacuole
Endoplasmic
reticulum
• nuceolus
• Golgi
apparatus
• Chloroplast
• Centrioles
• Lysome
• Cytoskeleton
• Cell wall
Answers to matching
• Assembles proteins
• Powerhouse: creates
energy
• Storage
• janitor: contains
enzymes for digestion
• Assembles lipid
components of cell
membrane
• Formation of ribosomes
• Capture energy from the
sun
• Maintain shape
• Organize cell division
• Modify, sort, and package
proteins
• Provide support and
protection for plant cell
• Contains genetic material
for cell instructions.
As a Cell Becomes Larger, its
• Volume increases faster than its surface area
• Surface area increases faster than its volume
• Volume increases, but its surface area stays
the same
• Surface area stays the same, but its volume
increases
All of the following are problems that
growth causes EXCEPT
•
•
•
•
DNA overload
Excess O2
Obtaining enough food
Expelling wastes
When during the cell cycle are
chromosomes visible?
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Only during Interphase
Only when they are replicated
Only during M phase (mitosis)
Only during G1 phase
Which pair is correct?
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G1 phase, DNA replication
G2 phase, preparation for mitosis
S phase, cell division
M phase (mitosis), cell growth
When during the cell cycle is a cells
DNA replicated?
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•
•
•
G1
G2
S
M
Which event occurs during Interphase?
•
•
•
•
Cell growth
Centrioles appear
Spindle fibers appear
Centromeres divide
During which phase do the
chromosomes line up along the
middle?
•
•
•
•
Prophase
Telophase
Metaphase
anaphase
Which represents the right order of
Mitosis?
• Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
• Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase
• Interphase, prophase, metaphase, teolphase
• Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase,
cytokinesis
What is the role of the spindle during
Mitosis?
•
•
•
•
Helps separate chromosomes
Breaks down nuclear envelope
Duplicates DNA
Divides cell in half
The two main stages of cell division
•
•
•
•
Mitosis, interphase
Synthesis, cytokinesis
M phase, S phase
Mitosis, Cytokinesis
Which will stop cells from growing
•
•
•
•
Contact with other cells
Growth factors
Cut in the skin
Cyclin taken from a cell in mitosis
Why would cells in a petri dish stop
growing once they have covered the
bottom
•
•
•
•
Cells lack cyclin
The petri dish inhibits cell growth
Contact with other cells inhibits growth
Most cells in petri dishes lack p53
Cancer is a disorder in which some
cells have lost their ability to control
their
•
•
•
•
Size
Spindle fibers
Growth rate
Surface area
As a cell grows, it
• Places more demands on DNA
• Uses food and O2 more quickly
• Has more trouble moving materials across cell
membranes
• All of the above
Compared with small cells, large cells
have more trouble
•
•
•
•
Dividing
Producing daughter cells
Moving materials in and out
Making copies of DNA
The process in which a cell divides into
two daughter cells
•
•
•
•
Cell division
Metaphase
Interphase
mitosis
Which of the following happens when
a cell divides
• Cells volume increases
• Becomes more difficult for food and materials
to get in
• The cell has DNA overload
• Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the
parent cells DNA
Which is a phase in the cell cycle
•
•
•
•
G1
G2
M
All of the above
The cell cycle is
• Series of events that cells go through as they
grow and divide
• Period of time between the birth and death of
a cell
• Time from prophase to cytokinesis
• Time it takes for one cell to undergo
cytokinesis
What is the point in the middle of a
chromosome called?
•
•
•
•
Centromere
Centriole
Sister chromatid
spindle
What is a tumor
• An accumulation of cyclin
• A mass of cells
• The rapidly dividing cells found at the site of a
wound
• A defective p53 gene
Information gathered from observing a
plant that grows 3 cm over a two-week
period results in
•
•
•
•
•
inferences.
hypotheses.
variables.
data.
data
162
Scientific hypotheses must be
proposed in a way that
•ensures that an experiment
will be valid.
•enables them to be proved
valid.
•enables them to be tested.
•doesn’t contradict previous
hypotheses.
.
.
.
d
.
163
A controlled experiment allows
the scientist to isolate and test
•a conclusion •several
variables.
b
.
•a mass of
•a single
information. variable.
164
A theory
.
.
.
•is always true.
•is the opening statement of
an experiment.
•may be revised or replaced.
•is a problem to be solved.
165
Which of the following terms
includes all the others?
•biologist
•botanist
•zoologist
•ethnologist
166
The basic unit of mass in the International
System of Units, or SI, is the
.
.
meter.
ounce.
liter.
gram.
167
The work of scientists begins with
.
.
•create a
•perform
hypothesis. experiments
•observation. •drawing
conclusions.
168
A controlled experiment
allows the scientist to
isolate and test
.
.
•a conclusion.
.
•a mass of
information.
.
•several
variables.
•a single
variable.
169
Scientists publish the details of
important experiments so that
.
.
.
.
•their work can be repeated.
•their experimental
procedures can be reviewed.
•others can try to reproduce
the results.
•all of the above
170
A well-tested explanation that
supports a broad range of
observations is a(an)
•hypothesis •inference.
•theory.
•controlled
experiment
.
.
.
.
171
All of the following are characteristics
of all living things EXCEPT
.
.
•growth.
•reproduction.
.
.
•movement.
•use of energy.
172
The process by which organisms
keep their internal conditions fairly
constant is called
.
.
•homeostasis.
•evolution.
.
•metabolism
•photosynthesis
173
In the metric system,
the basic unit of length is the
.
.
•centimeter. •millimeter
•kilometer. •meter.
174
The space surrounding the
nucleus of an atom contains
.
.
•protons.
•electrons.
.
.
neutrons.
ions.
175
Which of the following makes
up a molecule of water?
.
b
.
c
.
d
.
•one atom of hydrogen and one
atom of oxygen
•one atom of sodium and one atom
of chlorine
•one atom of hydrogen and two
atoms of oxygen
•two atoms of hydrogen and one
atom of oxygen
176
Which of the following statements
about a compound is true?
•The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually
very different from those of the elements from which it is
formed.
•Only the physical properties of a compound are usually the
same as those of the elements from which it is formed.
•Only the chemical properties of a compound are usually the
same as those of the elements from which it is formed.
•The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually
the same as those of the elements from which it is formed.
177
What type of electron is
available to form bonds?
.
.
valence
nucleus
.
.
ionic
covalent
178
What type of ion forms
when an atom loses electrons?
.
.
•neutral
•positive
.
.
•negative
•possibly
positive or
negative
179
Ice floats on water because
•of
•water
cohesion.
shrinks
when it
freezes.
•ice has a
•water
higher
expands
density than when it
water.
freezes.
.
.
.
.
180
The most abundant compound
in most living things is
.
.
•carbon
dioxide.
•water.
.
.
•sodium
chloride.
•sugar.
181
When salt is dissolved in water,
water is the
.
.
•reactant.
•solution.
.
•solute.
•solvent.
182
A substance with a pH of 6 is called
.
.
•an acid.
.
•a base.
.
•both an
acid and a
base.
•neither an
acid nor a
base.
183
A monosaccharide is a
.
.
•carbohydrate.
•lipid.
.
.
•nucleic acid.
•protein.
184
Which statement is true?
.
.
.
.
•Simple sugars are made of
polysaccharides.
•Glycerol is made of fatty
acids.
•RNA molecules are made of
nucleotides.
•Amino acids are made of
proteins.
185
Enzymes affect the reactions in
living cells by changing the
.
.
•products of
the reaction.
.
•speed of the
reaction.
.
•temperature
of the
reaction.
•pH of the
reaction.
186
The three particles that make up
an atom are
.
.
•protons,
neutrons,
and
isotopes.
•neutrons,
isotopes,
and
electrons.
c
.
d
.
•positives,
negatives,
and
electrons.
•protons,
neutrons,
and
electrons.
187
The nucleus is made of
•protons
and
electrons.
•electrons
and
neutrons.
•protons
and
neutrons.
.
•protons,
neutrons,
and
electrons
188
Water molecules are polar, with
•
•
•
•
the oxygen side being slightly
positive and the hydrogen side
being slightly negative.
the oxygen and hydrogen sides
being slightly positive.
the oxygen and hydrogen sides
being slightly negative.
the oxygen side being slightly
negative and the hydrogen side
being slightly positive.
189
Solutions that contain concentrations
of H+ ions lower than pure water
•have pH
values
below 7.
•are acids.
•are bases.
•are
enzymes.
190
Which of the following organic
compounds is the main source
of energy for living things?
•carbohydrates •nucleic acids
•lipids
•proteins
191
What is the term used to describe
the energy needed to get a
reaction started?
•adhesion
energy
•activation
energy
c
.
d
.
•cohesion
energy
•chemical
energy
192
A substance that speeds up the
rate of a chemical reaction is called a(an)
•catalyst.
•lipid.
c
.
d
.
•molecule.
•element.
193
Which of the following was NOT
characteristic of Earth before
the oceans formed?
•volcanic activity
•bombardment by comets
and asteroids
•an atmosphere of
poisonous gases
•an atmosphere containing
oxygen gas
194
Two gases that probably existed in
Earth’s early atmosphere are
•oxygen and hydrogen
sulfide.
•water vapor and oxygen.
•oxygen and carbon
monoxide.
•hydrogen cyanide and carbon
monoxide.
195
What prevents organic molecules
from forming on their own and
remaining intact today?
•Earth is too hot.
•Atmospheric oxygen is
too reactive.
•The necessary building
blocks no longer exist.
•There is no energy source
available.
196
One necessary condition for the
evolution of the first life on Earth was
•the presence of DNA.
•abundant oxygen in the
atmosphere.
•the presence of
photosynthetic organisms.
•the presence of liquid
water.
197
What was the response of the various
groups of early organisms that existed
when oxygen levels rose
in the atmosphere?
•Some life forms became
extinct.
•Some life forms survived in
only a few airless habitats.
•Some life forms evolved
metabolic pathways that used
oxygen for respiration.
•all of the above
198
In addition to hydrogen, two of the
gases used in Miller and Urey’s experiment were
•nitrogen and carbon
monoxide.
•hydrogen cyanide and
oxygen.
•methane and ammonia.
•carbon dioxide and
hydrogen sulfide.
199
What do proteinoid microspheres
have in common with cells?
•They can
•They contain
store and
RNA.
release energy.
•They contain •They are
DNA.
communities
of organisms.
200
When oxygen was first released in
the early seas, it combined with iron to form
•RNA.
•DNA.
•proteins.
•rust.
201
The first organisms on Earth
were most like today’s
•bacteria.
•eukaryotes.
•multicellular
organisms.
•DNA
molecules.
202
Lipid molecules are composed of
:
•carbon and
hydrogen
•carbon and
nitrogen
•hydrogen
and nitrogen
•hydrogen
and oxygen
203
Three common categories of lipids are
•fatty acids,
triglycerides, and
amino acids
•fatty acids,
triglycerides, and
phospholipids
:
•triglycerides,
phospholipids,
and
monosaccharides
•fatty acids,
triglycerides,
nucleotides
204
The main component found
is the cell membranes is:
•carbohydrate •lipid
•nucleic acid •protein
205
The building block structure of proteins are:
•nucleotides
•phospholipids
•monosaccharides
•amino acids
206
Protein functions in living organisms as
•control the
rate of
chemical
reactions
•structure of
bone and
muscle
•c•regulation
. and
transport
•d•all of the
. above
207
:
Refer to Figure 2-1
to answer the following question:
Which of the following is the strongest acid?
•hydrochloric
acid
•sodium
hydroxide
•pure water
•sea water
208
Refer to figure 2-1 to answer
the following question:
Which of the following is
the strongest base?
•hydrochloric •pure water
acid
•sodium
•rainwater
hydroxide
209
Refer to Figure 2-1 to answer
the following question:
Which of the following is
considered neutral?
•rainwater
•hydrochloric
acid
•tomatoes
•pure water
210
What does pH represent?
•the amount of
oxygen in a
solution
•the amount of
carbon in a
solution
•the amount of
hydrogen in a
solution
•the amount of
water in a
solution
211
The sulfur and nitrogen compounds in
smog combine with water to form
•ozone.
•acid rain.
•Ammonia.
•chlorofluorocarbons.
An organism that uses energy to
produce its own food supply from
inorganic compounds is called a(an)
• heterotroph.
• detritivore.
• consumer.
• autotroph.
Which of the following descriptions
about the organization of an
ecosystem is correct?
• Communities make up species, which make up
populations.
• Populations make up species, which make up
communities.
• Species make up communities, which make up
populations.
• Species are grouped in populations, which
make up communities.
The simplest grouping of more than
one kind of organism in the biosphere
is a(an)
• population.
• ecosystem.
• community.
• species.
A snake that eats a frog that has eaten
an insect that fed on a plant is a
•first-level producer.
•second-level producer.
•first-level consumer.
•third-level consumer.
The algae at the beginning of the food
chain in Figure 3-1 are
consumers.
producers.
decomposers.
heterotrophs.
What animals eat both producers and
consumers?
•Herbivores
•chemotrophs
•Omnivores
•autotrophs
Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an
organism can be passed on to the next
trophic level. Of the remaining energy,
some is used for the organism’s life
processes, and the rest is
• used in reproduction.
• stored as fat.
• stored as body tissue.
• eliminated as heat.
Carbon cycles through the biosphere
in all of the following processes
EXCEPT
• photosynthesis.
• respiration.
• transpiration.
• decomposition.
The movements of energy and
nutrients through living systems are
different because
• energy flows in one direction and nutrients
recycle.
• energy is limited in the biosphere and
nutrients are always available.
• nutrients flow in one direction and energy
recycles.
• energy forms chemical compounds and
nutrients are lost as heat.
The branch of biology dealing with
interactions among organisms and
between organisms and their
environment is called
•Economy.
•recycling.
•modeling.
•ecology.
What is the original source of almost
all the energy in most ecosystems?
•Carbohydrates
•Water
•Sunlight
•carbon
Organisms that obtain nutrients by
breaking down dead and decaying
plants and animals are called
•decomposers.
•autotrophs.
•omnivores.
•producers.
The total amount of living tissue within
a given trophic level is called the
•organic mass.
•energy mass.
•trophic mass.
•biomass.
The repeated movement of water
between Earth’s surface and the
atmosphere is called
•the water cycle.
•precipitation.
•the condensation cycle.
•evaporation.
Organisms need nutrients in order to
• utilize hydrogen and oxygen.
• recycle chemical compounds.
• carry out essential life
functions.
• carry out nitrogen fixation.
Earth has three main climate zones
because of the differences in latitude
and
• amount of solar energy
received.
• ocean currents.
• angle of heating.
• prevailing winds.
The unequal heating of Earth’s surface
• drives wind and ocean currents.
• causes winds that transport heat
throughout the biosphere.
• has important effects on Earth’s
climate regions.
• all of the above
Which is a biotic factor that affects the
size of a population in a specific
ecosystem?
• average temperature of the
ecosystem
• type of soil in the ecosystem
• number and kinds of predators in the
ecosystem
• concentration of oxygen in the
ecosystem
The chemistry of aquatic ecosystems is
determined by the
• amount of salts, nutrients, and
oxygen dissolved in the water.
• number of other organisms present
in the water.
• amount of rainfall the water
receives.
• biotic and abiotic factors in the
water.
Each of the following is an abiotic
factor in the environment EXCEPT
•plant life.
•rainfall.
•soil type.
•temperature.
Which is NOT an adaptation that
organisms have for living in flowing
water?
•Hooks
•streamlined bodies
•Tentacles
•suckers
Which of the following statements is
NOT true about the oceanic zone?
• The open ocean has very low levels of
nutrients.
• Organisms in the deep oceanic zone are
exposed to frigid temperatures and total
darkness.
• The oceanic zone begins at the low-tide mark
and extends to the end of the continental
shelf.
• Most of the photosynthetic activity on Earth
occurs in the open ocean within the photic
zone.
Aquatic ecosystems are classified by all
of the following EXCEPT
• depth and flow of the
water.
• temperature of the water.
• organisms that live there.
• chemistry of the water.
The average year-after-year conditions
of temperature and precipitation in a
particular region is the region’s
•weather.
•Ecosystem.
•latitude.
•climate.
An organism’s niche is
• the way the organism uses the range of
physical and biological conditions in which it
lives.
• all the physical factors in the organism’s
environment.
• the range of temperatures that the organism
needs to survive.
• a full description of the place an organism
lives.
All the interconnected feeding
relationships in an ecosystem make up
a food
•interaction.
•network.
•Chain.
•web.
Ponds and lakes are
• wetlands.
• standing-water
ecosystems.
• estuaries.
• flowing-water ecosystems.
As resources in a population become
less available, population growth
• becomes negative.
• increases slowly.
• reaches carrying capacity.
• enters a phase of
exponential growth.
Which are two ways a population can
decrease in size?
• immigration and emigration
• increased death rate and
immigration
• decreased birthrate and
emigration
• emigration and increased
birthrate
Which would be least likely to be
affected by a density-dependent
limiting factor?
• a small, scattered population
• a population with a high
birthrate
• a large, dense population
• a population with a high
immigration rate
The photic zone
• extends to the bottom of the open
ocean.
• extends to a depth of about 200
meters.
• is deep, cold, and permanently dark.
• is where chemosynthetic bacteria are
the producers.
What can cause a population to grow?
• The birthrate becomes higher than the
death rate.
• The birthrate stays the same, and the
death rate increases.
• The birthrate becomes lower than the
death rate.
• The birthrate and the death rate remain
the same.
When individuals in a population
reproduce at a constant rate, it
produces a growth pattern called
•logistic growth.
•demographic growth.
•growth density.
•exponential growth.
If a population grows larger than the
carrying capacity of the environment,
the
• death rate may rise.
• population will grow faster.
• birthrate may rise.
• carrying capacity will
change.
Which of the following is a densityindependent factor?
•Earthquake
•Emigration
•disease
•parasitism
Any factor in the environment that
causes population growth to decrease
is a
•carrying capacity.
•limiting factor.
•limiting nutrient.
•growth factor.
Which of the following describes the
largest number of individuals that an
environment can support?
•Carrying capacity.
•emigration.
•immigration.
•exponential growth.
Each of the following is a densitydependent limiting factor EXCEPT
•competition.
•crowding.
•unusual weather.
•disease.
An example of a sustainable-use
practice is the use of beneficial insects
like ladybugs to
•harm natural resources.
•control unwanted pests.
•pollinate plants.
•eat unwanted plants.
The goals of conservation biology
include all of the following EXCEPT
• wise management of natural
resources.
• protection and management of
individual species.
• preservation of habitats and wildlife.
• introducing foreign species into new
environments.
The major cause of ozone depletion is
•nitric acid.
•chlorofluorocarbons.
•sulfuric acid.
•ultraviolet light.
Imported plants in Hawaii have
• crowded out many native
species.
• introduced diseases.
• reduced the native bird
species.
• depleted natural resources.
•Water can enter the
atmosphere through
the processes of
evaporation and
_________________.
•How does a food
web differ from
a food chain?