Transcript Cell Cycle
Activities of the Cell I. Cell Factory II. Cell Energy III. Cell Cycle I. The Cell Factory: Protein Production, From Start to Finish = ? DNA genetic traits 1. Transcription of DNA DNA T A mRNA C T T C G T A C A U G A A G C A U G T G A C 2. Translation of mRNA to protein tRNA with amino acid anticodon U A C A U G A A G mRNA codon U UC G UA C A U G A C C UG C U G G U A U U C U A C A U G A A G C A U G A C C U G G U A U A C U U C A U G A A G C A U G A C C U G U U C G U A A U G A A G C A U G A C G U A C U G A U G A A G C A U G A C Note: Translation occurs at the ribosomes of the rough ER amino acid chart LEUCINE - LYSINE - HISTIDINE - ASPARTIC ACID UUG- AAG - CAU - GAC • Gene expression transcription gene translation mRNA protein (amino acid chain) II. How Does a Cell Obtain Energy From “Food?” Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 glucose + 6 O2 6 CO2 oxygen carbon dioxide + 6 H2O water + 36 ATP energy! A) Aerobic respiration - the process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose, in the presence of oxygen occurs at rest, or . . . when you are bringing it! • occurs along the cristae of the mitochondria • two stages: Kreb’s cycle electron transport chain Cellular Respiration Starts with . . . B) Anaerobic respiration produces ATP by breaking down glucose without oxygen lactic acid fermentation (e.g. sore muscles, yogurt, cheese, pickles, kimchi) Energy Tally • Anaerobic = 2 ATP • Aerobic respiration Glycolysis Kreb’s cycle Electron Transport 2 ATP 2 ATP 32 ATP +36 ATP III. What Are the Stages in the Life of a Cell? Cell Cycle G1 cell growth S DNA replicates G2 preparation for cell division A Typical Cell cell membrane nucleus (w/ nuclear membrane) DNA (genetic instructions) during G1 DNA is in chromatin form (“loose” threads) before cell division before cell division DNA is replicated and forms chromosomes Cell Cycle Starts here Cell Cycle Cell division • 4 Stages of Mitosis (chromosomes separate) •Prophase •Metaphase •Anaphase •Telophase • Cytokinesis (cell splits) Stages of Mitosis cytokinesis telophase early prophase late prophase anaphase metaphase Where should you look in an organism to find mitosis?