Transcript Reproduction and Development

Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
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_____ Parent
No union of gametes
Offspring genetically _______ to parents (“clone”)
Offspring results from _________ cell division
Don’t need to search for mate
No special reproductive cells or organs needed
Used in many protists, simple animals and many
plants
Binary Fission
• Parent organism divides in
half by mitosis
• Cytoplasm ____________
• Ex: bacteria, algae,
protozoa
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9DNWcqxI4&safe=active
• Remember the Phases of Mitosis?
– # of chromosomes in parent and daughter
cells is the same
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Interphase
Prophase
_________
Anaphase
Telophase
Animal vs. Plant
Cell Mitosis
• Cancer
• Uncontrolled rapid mitotic cell division
Budding
• Parent organism ______
____________________
• Cytoplasm __________
divided
• New individuals develop
as a small outgrowth or
bud in outer surface of
organism
• Ex: yeast, hydra
Sporulation
• Single specialized cells
produced by one parent
germinate and grow
• Ex:
– __________, _________
Regeneration
• Ability of an organism to
re-grow lost body parts
• Usually found in
__________ that have
more undifferentiated
cells than vertebrates
• Ex:
– Planeria cut in half,
starfish, earthworm,
lizard can escape from
predator by losing its tail
when caught
Asexual Plant Reproduction
– Most plants reproduce sexually using seeds
– Many also reproduce asexually by means of
roots, stems and leaves
– This is called _________________________
• Creates new plants genetically _______
to parent
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drcnTg7ZCoc&safe=active
Bulbs
• Enlarged
underground stems
• Small new bulbs
will sprout along
side of main bulb
and ____________
• Ex: daffodils, tulips,
onions, garlic
Tubers
• Enlarged part of
underground
stems
• Have “___” which
are tiny buds
• Ex: potatoes
– If potato is cutup,
each new piece
containing an eye
can develop into a
new plant
Runners
• Stems that grow
sideways _____
the ground
• Where it touches
ground, roots grow,
creating a new
plant
• Ex: strawberry
Rhizomes
• Stem grows
sideways
_____________
• Enlarged areas
called _______
produce buds that
grow upwards to
form new plants
• Ex: bamboo,
ginger
Artificial Vegetative Propagation
• Allow farmers to grow plants with
desired traits exactly like parent and
faster than from seeds
• Helpful is quickly propagating plants
with a __________________
– Ex: Can produce different varieties of
apples from the same tree
• Plants bearing ____________ can
only be propagated this way
– Ex: seedless oranges and watermelons
• Cuttings:
– _____, _____ or ____
used to produce new
individual
– Ex: African violets
• Layering:
– stem bent over _____________ and develop
roots
• Grafting:
– remove stem or bud
from one plant and ___
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– “Scion” as attached to
“stock” plant but keeps
it’s own genetic
characteristics
• Vegetative Propagation: Asexual Plant
Reproduction
• http://educationportal.com/academy/lesson/asexual-plantreproduction-vegetative-propagation-andbulbs.html
• Asexual Reproduction Song
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7I0mw4ZDJ
A&safe=active