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Chapter 4
Cells: The Basic Units of Life
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Section 1 The Characteristics of Cells
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Section 3 The Organization of Living Things
Concept Map
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Chapter 4
Section 1 The Characteristics of
Cells
What You Will Learn
• The cell theory explains why cells are important for
living things.
• All cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA.
• Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells differ in how
their genetic information is contained.
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Chapter 4
Section 1 The Characteristics of
Cells
Video: Cell Theory
(original powerpoint)
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Chapter 4
Section 1 The Characteristics of
Cells
Cell Theory
• All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
• The cell is the basic unit of all living things.
• All cells come from existing cells.
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Chapter 4
Section 1 The Characteristics of
Cells
BrainPOP: Cell Structures
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Chapter 4
Section 1 The Characteristics of
Cells
Parts of a Cell
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Chapter 4
Section 1 The Characteristics of
Cells
Parts of a Cell
•
•
•
•
cell membrane: covers and protects the cell
cytoplasm: fluid
organelle: have specific jobs
nucleus: holds the DNA
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Chapter 4
Section 1 The Characteristics of
Cells
• Color the words “cell membrane” on both your notes
and on the diagrams of the cell the same color.
• Choose another color for each of the other terms.
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Chapter 4
Section 1 The Characteristics of
Cells
Two Kinds of Cells
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Chapter 4
Section 1 The Characteristics of
Cells
Two Kinds of Cells
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
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Chapter 4
Section 1 The Characteristics of
Cells
Two Kinds of Cells
Prokaryotes
cell wall
Eukaryotes
no cell wall
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Main
Chapter 4
Section 1 The Characteristics of
Cells
Two Kinds of Cells
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
cell wall
no cell wall
no nucleus
nucleus
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Main
Chapter 4
Section 1 The Characteristics of
Cells
Two Kinds of Cells
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
cell wall
no cell wall
no nucleus
nucleus
no bound organelles
membrane-bound organelles
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Chapter 4
Section 1 The Characteristics of
Cells
Two Kinds of Cells
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
cell wall
no cell wall
no nucleus
nucleus
no bound organelles
membrane-bound organelles
one cell
one cell or many cells
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Chapter 4
Section 1 The Characteristics of
Cells
Two Kinds of Cells
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
cell wall
no cell wall
no nucleus
nucleus
no bound organelles
membrane-bound organelles
one cell
one cell or many cells
genetic material is DNA
genetic material is DNA
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Chapter 4
Section 1 The Characteristics of
Cells
Standards Check: Textbook
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Cytoskeleton
• a web of proteins in the
cytoplasm of some cells
• causes cells to have different
shapes
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus
• the organelle that contains the cell’s DNA
• DNA provides messages for making proteins
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Color the word “nucleus” on both your notes and on
both the diagrams of the plant and animal cells the
same color.
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Ribosomes
• small organelles that make proteins
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Color the word “ribosomes” on both your notes and
on both the diagrams of the plant and animal cells the
same color.
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• aka ER
• the organelle that makes lipids, breaks down toxic
substances, and packages proteins for the Golgi
complex
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Color the word “endoplasmic reticulum” on both your
notes and on both the diagrams of the plant and
animal cells the same color.
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Mitochondria
• the organelle that breaks down food molecules to
make ATP
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Color the word “mitochondria” on both your notes and
on both the diagrams of the plant and animal cells the
same color.
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chloroplasts
• the organelle that uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and
water to make food
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Color the word “chloroplasts” on both your notes and
on both the diagrams of the plant and animal cells the
same color.
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Golgi Complex
• the organelle that processes and transports materials
within and out of the cell
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Color the word “Golgi complex” on both your notes
and on both the diagrams of the plant and animal
cells the same color.
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Vesicle
• a small sac that surrounds materials to be moved into
or out of the cell
• also move materials within the cell
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Lysosomes
• the organelle that digests wastes, cell parts, and
foreign invaders
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Color the word “lysosomes” on both your notes and
on both the diagrams of the plant and animal cells the
same color.
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Vacuole
• the organelle that stores water and other materials
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Color the word “vacuole” on both your notes and on
both the diagrams of the plant and animal cells the
same color.
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Standards Check: Textbook
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Chapter 4
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Activity: A Division of Labor p. 129
Who made longer chains: the multicellular
organisms or the unicellular organisms? Why?
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Chapter 4
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
What You Will Learn
• Unicellular organisms are made up of one cell, and
multicellular organisms are made up of many cells.
• The cells of multicellular organisms can differentiate
to become specialized types of cells.
• The levels of organization in multicellular organisms
are cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
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Chapter 4
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Organism
• anything that can perform life processes by itself
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Chapter 4
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Unicellular Organisms
Live-action
microphotography
captures these
single-celled
organisms
moving,
reproducing and
feeding.
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Chapter 4
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Unicellular Organisms
• organisms that are made up of only one cell
• performs all of the necessary functions to stay alive
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Chapter 4
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Multicellular Organisms
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Chapter 4
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Multicellular Organisms
• organisms that are made up of many cells
• begins as a single cell and becomes many cells
• have cells specialized for different functions
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Chapter 4
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
From Cells to Organisms
• Specialized cells allow multicellular organisms to be
more organized than unicellular organisms.
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Chapter 4
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
From Cells to Organisms
1. Cells: The First Level of Organization
– cells are specialized to perform a specific function
(the activity that the cell performs)
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Chapter 4
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
From Cells to Organisms
2. Tissues: The Second Level of Organization
– tissue: a group of cells that work together to
perform a specific job
– basic types of animal tissue: nerve tissue, muscle
tissue, connective tissue, and protective tissue
– basic types of plant tissue: transport tissue,
protective tissue, and ground tissue
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Chapter 4
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
From Cells to Organisms
3. Organs: The Third Level of Organization
– organ: a structure that is made up of two or more
tissues working together to perform a specific
function
– ex: your heart, the leaf of a plant
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Chapter 4
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
From Cells to Organisms
4. Organ Systems: The Fourth Level of Organization
– organ system: a group of organs working
together to perform a function
– ex: the cardiovascular system
• includes the heart organ and the blood vessel
organs
• their combined function is to transport blood
throughout the body
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Chapter 4
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
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Chapter 4
Cells: The Basic Units of Life
Video: Tissue, Organ, and Organ System
(original powerpoint)
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Chapter 4
Cells: The Basic Units of Life
Standards Check: Textbook
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Chapter 4
Cells: The Basic Units of Life
BrainPop: Cell Specialization
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Chapter 4
Cells: The Basic Units of Life
The End
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