Transcript Classification of Living Things

Classification of Living Things
Chapter 1-3
Grouping
• Why do we place things into groups?
– Makes it easier to find
– Makes it more meaningful
• How do we group things?
– appearance
– structure
– cellular components
– development
– DNA
• Aristotle
– Greek philosopher
– 4th century BC
– Classified things into 2 groups plants and
animals
plants
swim
animals
fly
walk
– There were some problems with his system
(bird/bat)
• Classification: grouping of things
according to similar characteristics
• taxonomy: science of classification
• What are some other things in every day
life that we classify?
• Linnaeus
– used binomial nomenclature: each organism
is given 2 names which identify its genus and
species
– Every different type of organism has a
different genus and species
• All humans have the same genus and species
(Homo sapiens)
• All wolves have the same genus and species
– Genus is capitalized, species is lower-case.
– Both are in italics or underlined.
3-Domain System
Common ancestor
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Animalia
Eukaryota
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
• Seven major classification groups
– Kingdom
– Phylum
– Class
– Order
– Family
– Genus
– Species
largest & least specific
smallest & most specific
– Species: interbreed & produce fertile
offspring, similar in appearance and behavior
The Six Kingdoms
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•
Animal
Plant
Fungi
Protist
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Prokaryotic
No membrane bound
organelles
Small
No nucleus
Eukaryote
Membrane bound
organelles
Large
Has nucleus
• autotroph: an organism that makes its own food
• heterotroph: an organism that does not make
its own food
• unicellular: an organism composed of one cell
only
• multicellular: an organism composed of more
than one cell
Kingdom
Cell
Type
Cell #
Nutrition Example
Archaebacteria Prokaryotic Unicellular
Autotroph & Bacteria from
heterotroph extreme
environments
Eubacteria
Prokaryote Unicellular
Autotroph & Bacteria
heterotroph
Protist
Eukaryote
Unicellular or Autotroph & Paramecium,
multicellular heterotroph ameoba
Fungi
Eukaryote
Multicellular Heterotroph Mushroom,
or unicellular
mildew, mold
(yeast)
Plant
Eukaryote
Multicellular
Autotroph, Redwood,
heterotroph tulips,
(rarely)
grasses
Animal
Eukaryote
Multicellular
Heterotroph Insects,
mammals,
fishes