Transcript protista
Classification of Living Things Big Question Why Do We Classify Organisms? • Brings order to the great diversity of life forms • Serves as a basis for identifying unfamiliar organisms • Provides a logical means of naming organisms Classification A process of grouping organisms by similarities Taxonomy • Branch of biology that groups and names organisms The Science of Classification Scientist who classify or organize organisms (animals and plants) are called taxonomists. Taxonomists study taxonomy. The History of Organization Aristotle 384-322 BC Interested in biological classification. Patterns in nature. Carl Linnaeus 1707-1778 AD Father of Biological Classification! • 2 Categories –Plants and Animals • Animals – classified on where they lived – Land, water or air Classify this video • Plants – classified on the basis of structure and size – Tree, shrub, herb • Grouped organisms by similar structure • Created two-part naming system • Grouped similar species into same genus • 2 word latin name (by Linneus) • Uses genus and species name (or descriptive name) • Italics is used and Genus is capitalized –Quercus alba = white oak Genus Common Name _______________________________________ Canis familaralis Dog Canis lupus Wolf Felis Felis Species domesticus concolor House Cat Mountain lion • A series of paired statements used to identify organisms 1a. b. 2a. b. 3a. b. Has fur, go to…………………………2 Does not have fur……………………3 Has straight fur………………………4 Has curly fur………………………….5 Rough skin……………………………6 Smooth skin…………………………..7 7 Classification Groups: • • • • • • • Kingdom (most inclusive) • Phylum largest • Class • Order to • Family • Genus smallest • Species (most specific) • King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti • • • • • • • Kings Played Cards On Fat Green Stools Levels of Classification Classification Levels Phylum = for animals Division for plants Classification of life forms 3 Domains of Life Bacteria Archaea Consist of PROKARYOTES Eukarya Includes various Kingdoms: Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista The Three Domains Kingdoms of Life Eubacteria Plantae Archaebacteria Fungi Protista Animalia MONERA • SEPARATED INTO TWO Kingdoms – ARCHAEBACTERIA – EUBACTERIA TRUE BACTERIA ANCIENT BACTERIA ARCHAEBACTERIA • PROKARYOTIC •• PROKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR •• UNICELLULAR HETEROTROPH LIVES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS •• HETEROTROPH – SWAMPS, HYDROTHERMAL VENTS • FOUND IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS • MORE COMPLEX THAN EUBACTERIA • CELL WALL • SEVERAL HUNDRED SPECIES ARCHAEBACTERIA ARCHAEBACTERIA VENT BACTERIA SALT-LOVING BACTERIA EUBACTERIA • • • • • • “TRUE BACTERIA” PROKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR HETEROTROPH, couple AUTOTROPH STRONG CELL WALLS SOME CAUSE DISEASE, BUT MOST HARMLESS EUBACTERIA PROTISTA • EUKARYOTES – NUCLEUS, MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES • • • • • UNICELLULAR, SOME MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHS & AUTOTROPHS MOST VARIED GROUP LACK ORGAN SYSTEMS MOIST ENVIRONMENTS PROTISTA • EUKARYOTIC • SOME UNICELLULAR, MOST MULTICELLULAR • HETEROTROPHS – DECOMPOSERS (SAPROPHYTES) • ABSORB FOOD THROUGH CELL WALLS • • • • • EUKARYOTIC MULTICELLULAR AUTOTROPHS DO NOT MOVE CELLS ORGANIZED INTO TISSUES, ORGANS AND SYSTEMS • CELL WALLS – CELLULOSE • • • • • • EUKARYOTES MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHS NEARLY ALL MOVE NO CELL WALLS (MEMBRANE ONLY) CELLS ORGANIZED INTO TISSUES, ORGANS, SYSTEMS Stop here- next slide is key to kingdom matching lab Archaebacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Prokaryote Eukaryote Heterotroph Heterotroph Heterotroph Autotroph Autotroph Protista Plantae Animalia Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Heterotroph Autotroph Heterotroph Multicellular Multicellular Autotroph Unicellular Unicellular Fungi Multicellular Unicellular Multicellular Unicellular Domain Archaea Domain Bacteria Domain Eukarya Domain Eukarya Domain Eukarya Domain Eukarya Cell wall w/o peptidoglycan Cell wall with peptidoglycan Cell wall of cellulose Cell wall of chitin Cell wall of cellulose No Cell wall Halophiles E. Coli and Amoeba and Algae Yeast and Mushroom Ferns and moss Sponge and Insects Streptococcus