Transcript Classification

Classification
grouping of different
types of organisms
based upon similarities
in structure and
WHY CLASSIFY?
 In order to more easily study the
unity and diversity of living
organisms in an organized
manner, biologists classify
organisms
 This means that they group
organisms together based on
their common characteristics
Early classification
Animals & Plants
With the discovery of the
MICROSCOPE in the 1600’s
many new organisms were
discovered
This was the basis for the
change in the classification
system
BIONOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
 Carolus Linneaus devised
binomial nomenclature
 (2 names in Latin) GenusSpecies
 ex. scientific name of humans
..... Homo sapiens
 Homo is the genus name ....
sapiens is the species name
MODERN CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM:
 KINGDOM
 PHYLLUM
 CLASS
 ORDER
 FAMILY
 GENUS
 SPECIES
HOW TO REMEMBER THAT:
KING PHILIP CAME
OVER FOR GOOD
SOUP
KINGDOMS:
 The 6 Kingdom System is
based on the following
criteria:
1. Presence or absence of
a nuclear membrane
2. Unicellularity versus
Archaebacteria
 most primitive and often live in
extreme environments
 LIVE IN UNUSUALLY HARSH
ENVIRONMENTS
 unicellular and no nucleus
th
 This is the Proposed 6
KINGDOM
Kingdom Monera
 bacteria and blue green algae
 have a primitive cell structure
 no organized nucleus or nuclear
membrane
 Three basic types of bacteria
 Coccus Baccillus-
Kingdom Protista
 Predominately unicellular
organisms with plant or animal-like
characteristics
 examples include protozoa and all
algae except the blue-green
 have a true nucleus and nuclear
membrane
 Classification of Protists: Most
Animal-like Protists
 Often animal like Protists are
called PROTOZOA
 They can live in fresh or salt
water, in the soil, or in the bodies
of other organisms
Plant-like Protists:
Spirogyra
 plant-like Protists that contains
thread-like filaments of
chloroplasts
 They may reproduce asexually by
MITOSIS or sexually by
CONJUGATION
Plant and Animal like Protists
The Euglena:
 exhibits both animal-like and Plantlike characteristics
 contains chloroplasts, which are
involved in PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 contains a flagellum, which is used for
LOCOMOTION
 euglena may be autotrophic or
heterotrophic depending on the
KINGDOM
FUNGI
 examples include yeasts, molds,
and mushrooms
 cells are usually organized into
branched, multinucleate filaments
which absorb digested food from
the external environment
Kingdom Plantae
 multicellular - possess chloroplasts and
cell walls
 make their own food PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 Reproduce sexually – can be asexual
 Vascular plants are more advanced they have evolved specialized tissues,
xylem, which is involved in structural
support and water conduction, and
ONION
CELLS FROM
LAB – NOTE
THE BOXY
SHAPE OF
PLANT
CELLS & THE
DISTINCT
CELL WALL
Kingdom Animalia
 multi-cellular organisms which
ingest their food –
HETEROTROPHS
 Reproduce sexually
Viruses
 not classified in a kingdom
 contain genetic material (DNA)
but lack cell structures
 only carry on the life function of
reproduction
 They must have a host (another
living organism) to be able to
reproduce
Papillomavirus is a
DNA virus that
causes warts
POLIO
Bacteriophages
invade the host cell,
take over the cell,
and begin replicating
viruses, eventually
lysing or bursting the
host cell, releasing
the new viruses to
infect additional cells