Transcript Kingdom Eubacteria

Shelf Fungus
Kingdom Fungi
Penicillium notatum
Yeasts
http://www.consilia-sa.ch/Francais/Analytes_AZ/Allergenes/f_allerg.htm
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/
fungi.html
www.sbs.utexas.edu
Kingdom Fungi
• Domain Eukarya, Eukaryotes
Cell wall made of chitin
Unicellular (yeast) & Multicellular
Heterotrophs
Extracellular Digestion - Absorb food
directly into their cells
• Asexual Reproduction – budding,
fragmentation
• Sexual Reproduction – spores – classified
by sexual spores
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Structures of a Fungus
• Mycelium – netlike mass of
hyphae
• Hyphae – like the roots of a
fungus – divided into cells by
crosswalls called septa
– Some fungi do not have
septae and are called
Aseptae – basically grow by
mitosis without cytokinesis
– Digestion and ingestion of
nutrients
• Fruiting Body – part of the
fungus that is seen, releases
spores
Reproduction
• Budding – usually done by yeast – new cell
starts to form off of a parent cell and then it just
pinches off and becomes its own cell
• Fragmentation – piece of the mycelium is
broken off from the original fungus – continues
to grow
• Sexual Spores – spore is a reproductive haploid
cell with a hard outer coat that develops into a
new organism without the fusion of gametes
Fungi Nutrition
• Saprophytic Fungi – decomposers – recycle
nutrients by feeding on dead organisms and
organic waste
• Parasitic Fungi – absorb nutrients from the living
cells of a host – many of these fungi produce
haustoria which are specialized hyphae that grow
into the host’s tissues and absorb the nutrients
• Mutualistic Fungi – some get nutrition by living
with other organisms – typically plants and algae
Types of Fungi – remember they are
classified by their sexual spores
• Basidomycetes – club fungi – basic
mushrooms
• Ascomycetes – sac fungi
• Deuteromycetes – no sexual spores
– Penicillin
• Zygomycetes – shelf fungi, conjugation
Basidiomycetes
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Ex mushrooms, puff balls, stink horns
Reproductive structure is the basidium
Most are multicellular
Most are terrestrial
Saprophytic, parastic or mutualistic
Mostly reproduce asexually
Zygomycetes
• Shelf Fungi , known as common molds
• Ex Bread Mold
• Hyphae are called stolons – spread across
the surface of food
• Another type of hyphae – rhizoids – anchor
the mycelium and produce digestie enzymes
• Sexual Reproductive Structure Gametangium
Ascomycetes
• Sexual Reproductive Structure –
Conidiophore
• Most are unicellular
• Variety of habitats
• Saprophytic, parasitic or mutualistic
Deuteromycota
• No sexual reproduction
• Very diverse group – known as imperfect
fungi
• Penicillin
Fungus and Nature
• Lichens – symbiotic relationship of fungus and
algae/ cyanobacteria
– Fungi get nutrients from the algae/ cyanobacteria
via photosynthesis
– Algae/ cyanobacteria get a place to live and grow
– Good Bioindicators – less pollution = more lichens
in an area
Fungus and Nature
• Mycorrhizae – mutualistic relationship between a
specialized fugnus and plant roots – fungus absorbs
minerals for the plant and increase the plants root
surface area for water – in return, the fungus receives
carbohydrates and amino acids from the plant
• Yeast – baking, alcoholic fermentation
• Decomposers
• Cheeses – blue
• Diseases – plants and animals
– Ring worm, Root Rot, Silver Dust
• Antibiotics - penicillin