Transcript Fungi
Fungi
Ch.26
Fungi Importance
Recycle nutrients by decomposition
Fungi
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophs (external digestion,
decomposers or parasites)
Cell walls of chitin
All multi-celled (except yeast)
Fungi Structure
Hyphae - thin filaments
with nuclei
Mycelium - hyphae
tangled together (absorbs
food)
Fruiting body reproductive structure
growing out of mycelium
(like mushroom cap)
Fungus Reproduction
Asexual
Fragmentation: hyphae break off and grow on
their own
Budding: pinches off to produce offspring
Spore production: (reproductive cell that
undergoes mitosis to produce new organism)
(Sporangiophores, sporangium, and
sporangiospores)
Sexual Reproduction
Fungi are neither male or female
have mating types [(plus (+) & a minus (-)]
Gametes =“plus (+) & minus (-)” to form zygote
Fungus Classification
1.
2.
3.
4.
Common Molds (Zygomycota)
Sac Fungi (Ascomycota)
Club Fungi (Basidiomycota)
Imperfect Fungi (Deuteromycota)
Common Molds
Contain zygospores (spore with
zygotes)
Rootlike hyphae called rhizoids
(digestive enzymes)
Stolons – grow across the surface
Conjugation
Exs: Black bread mold, molds on
meats & cheeses, etc.
Sac Fungi (Ascomycota)
Parasites
Tiny spores = conidia
Sexual = hyphae of two different
mating types - produces cuplike
structures called ascocarp
Ascocarp contains sacs called
asci that produces ascospores
Exs: Cup fungi, yeast
Yeast - reproduce thru budding
(asexual)
Club Fungi (Basidiomycota)
Produce small club-like structures
= basidia
Spore-bearing structure =
basidiocarp (cup & stalk)
Under cap = rows of “gills” lined
with thousands of basidia
Basidia unite = zygote and
develop into basidiospores
Exs: shelf fungi, puffballs,
earthstars, jelly fungi, rusts
(plant parasite), mushrooms
Club Fungi
Imperfect Fungi (Deuteromycota)
No sexual phase in
life cycle
Exs: Penicillin
Symbiosis (Mutualism)
Both benefit
1. Lichens
2. Mycorrhiza
Lichens
Fungus & algae or
cyanobacteria
Resistant to drought, cold
Algae/Bact. provide energy
thru photo. & fungus provides
water/minerals
First organisms on barren land
Great indicator of air pollution
Mycorrhizae
Plant roots & fungi
mycelia underground
80% of plants form
mychorrhizae w/ fungi
Fungus helps provide
water/minerals to plant
Plants give fungus energy
from photosynthesis
Some plants won’t
survive w/out these
Human Use
Production of B2, cortisone, penicillin, and other
antibiotics, etc.
Production of cheeses, bread, beer, wines, and
soy products
Fungal Diseases
Human, animal, plant
Plant: corn smut, mildew, wheat rust
Human: Athlete’s foot, Ringworm, yeast
infections
Animal: Cordyceps (kills grasshoppers)
Fungal Diseases