Roots, Stems, & Leaves
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Transcript Roots, Stems, & Leaves
3 Main Tissues:
Dermal Tissue: epidermal cells; outer covering
of plant, like skin
Vascular Tissue: contains xylem with tracheid
cells & phloem
Ground Tissue: cells between the dermal and
vascular; have three types of cells
Parenchyma: thin cell walls
Collenchyma: strong flexible cell walls
Sclerenchyma: extremely thick, rigid cell walls
Two Type of Roots
Taproots: found in dicots; grow long & thick;
reach water far below
Fibrous Roots: have many branching roots of
same size
Structure = epidermis on outside,
vascular tissues in middle, & ground
tissues in middle
Root Hairs: extensions that allow roots
to absorb more water
What is their job:
Uptake nutrients and water
Move nutrients to plant & vascular tissues
Keep high pressure to move water & nutrients
up the plant
Three important functions:
Produce leaves, branches, & flowers
Leaves connected at Nodes & start as Buds
Hold leaves up to the sunlight
Transport substances from roots to leaves
Monocot vs Dicot Stems
Monocot = dispersed vascular bundles
Dicot = vascular bundles in circle
Wood is layers of xylem
Heartwood = middle of tree that no
longer has water flowing through it
Sapwood = surround the heartwood &
transports water through xylem
Bark = outer layer of stem
Purpose: to absorb sunlight and
perform photosynthesis
Green color because of chlorophyll
Blade: flattened section; collects sunlight
Petiole: stalk that blade attaches to
Photosynthesis occurs in mesophyll
Palisade mesophyll: cells that absorb light
Spongy mesophyll: has air sacs connected to
stomata
Stomata: pore-like structures that allow carbon dioxide
and oxygen to enter and leave the leaf
Guard Cells: two of these cells make 1 stomata
Stomata stay open during photosynthesis, but close
when losing too much water