Transcript plants – day 1

PLANTS – DAY 1
INTRODUCTION TO PLANTS
WHAT ARE PLANTS?




Plants provide __________________ for all organisms
With the help of protists and fungi, plants provide
_______________ we breathe and food that sustains
us – directly or indirectly, by feeding other animals
Plants provide shade over our heads and cool carpets
under our feet while surrounding us with beautiful
colours and marking the changing of the seasons
Prominent plants give us a handle on ______________
________________– descriptions such as ‘redwood
Tanoak Forest’ indicate the plants we will find there but
also the animals, fungi, and climate of the area, too
PHOTOSYNTHESIS




The process by which plants (______________) use
___________________ to trap sunlight energy and
use it to produce _________________
Chlorophyll: is a green pigment in plants that
absorbs sunlight and is the site of
_________________________________ in plants
The ______in carbohydrates store chemical energy
6 CO2 + 6 H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2
sunlight

Photosynthesis occurs only during the ______ and
only to depths where sunlight can ______________
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHYLOGENY OF PLANTS



Early green algae eventually gave rise to ______________
plants (Bryophytes) such as mosses and liverworts and
________________ plants (Gymnosperms, Angiosperms)
Nonvascular plants: have _____________________ found
in vascular plants. These plants are unable to pull up water
and up from the ground to any significant distance. These
plants do not ________; they reproduce via ________.
Vascular plants: describes the system of
_________________________________________________
found in plants to transport water and dissolved materials
throughout a plant. This makes up the vascular system, which
is the equivalent of a human _________________ system.
PHYLOGENY OF PLANTS
WE EXAMINE VASCULAR PLANTS
_____________in all multicellular
organisms, plants being no
different, are ______________ into
tissues, tissue systems, organs and
organ systems and these structures
enable plants to successfully
photosynthesize, grow and
reproduce
MERISTEMS




Plant cells divide by mitosis only in specific
regions called _____________
Cells produced by meristematic tissue
eventually differentiate into all other plant
tissues, that are arranged into specialized
organs called roots, stems, leaves, cones or
flowers
__________Meristems: located at the tips of
roots and shoots and supply cells for the plant
to ____________________________ (grow
up for shoots and down for roots) – growth in
this direction known as primary growth
______________Meristems: located near the
periphery of the plant; usually in the vascular
tissue. Supply cells for the plant to
_______________________ (width) – growth
in this direction is known as secondary growth
PLANT TISSUE


Plant tissues are
specialized for functions
like _______________,
_____________,
_____________,
photosynthesis and
_______________
3 major types of plant
tissue: ____________,
______________ AND
_____________
PLANT TISSUE - DERMAL




Dermal Tissue
outermost cell layer of the main plant body is
_______________________
on parts of the shoot system, epidermis produces on
its exterior surface a waxy, noncellular layer called
the ___________. Cuticle protects against
excessive water loss and infection by
____________________
epidermal tissue has highly specialized cells called
______________cells and _______________ cells
PLANT TISSUE - GROUND




_____________________________–are
3 types of ground tissues: parenchyma,
collenchymas and sclerenchyma
___________________________ -living
cells that make up bulk of plant body;
involved in photosynthesis and storage of
nutrients, carbohydrates and water
______________________– Living cells
that helps to strengthen the plant and is
specialized for supporting the plant’s
primary growth areas; have thickened cell
walls that allow for flexibility to plant
parts that must be able to bend to
withstand windy conditions
_____________________________– cells
that have 2 cell walls! Composed of
cellulose and lignin, a material that
provides added strength and rigidity to
the cell; allows extra strength and support
to various plant parts – these cells can be
found almost anywhere a plant needs them
PLANT TISSUE - VASCULAR








Vascular Tissue – includes _____________and _______________and some
collenchymas and parenchyma cells
Roots hold the plant steady and grab moisture and nutrients from the soil. The
top is in the light, conducting photosynthesis and helping the plant reproduce.
You have to connect the 2 parts – where xylem and phloem come in!
XYLEM
The system of ___________ and _________________________that circulates
water and dissolved minerals
Plants have roots to help absorb water – to get water to rest of the plant, xylem
is required to function
Xylem is made of ________________ that connect the plant from end to end, for
maximum speed to move water and minerals around
Xylem tissue dies after about _____________, all that remains are the cell walls
These dead cells continue to transport water and dissolved minerals until they get
filled with various deposits
PLANT TISSUE – VASCULAR







PHLOEM
Most plants have green leaves where photosynthesis
occurs
When food (glucose/carbohydrates) are made, it needs
to get to every cell in the plant – this is where phloem
comes in!
Phloem cells are laid out end to end throughout the entire
plant, transporting the glucose created by the plant
______________________________________. Mature
phloem is a living tissue!
______________________________ provide a
pathway for the movement of materials from one cell to
the next; sieve tubes are made of sieve elements, which
are long and thin phloem cells with sieve plates at the
end walls
sieve elements associated with
__________________________________ that direct the
activities of the sieve tubes and supply them with needed
substances