Transcript Nerve activates contraction

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12IOA6A11e8
Fungi (Chapter 31)
Pink ear rot of corn
Fungi
Are they always a nuisance?
Mold in the shower
Shaggy Mane (Coprinus comatus)
Death Cap (Amanita phalloides)
Mycorrhizae:
Fungus living in a
mutualistic symbiosis
with plant roots
Fungal production of an
antibiotic
Budding yeast
Psilocybes
psilocybin
serotonin
Dutch Elm Disease
Decomposers
Mycology: Study of Fungi
31.2 Structure of a multicellular fungus
Septate hyphae (left) and nonseptate (coenocytic) hyphae (right)
31.3
31.20 A fairy ring
31.1. Can you spot the largest organism in this forest?
31.6. Mold: Asexuallyreproducing, rapidly-growing
fungus (Penicillium)
31.7. Yeast: Asexuallyreproducing, single-celled
Fungi may be
• Saprobes (absorb nutrients from dead
organic material)
• Parasites (absorb nutrients from live
organic material)
31.25. Examples
of fungal diseases
of plants.
Strawberries with Botrytis mold, a plant parasitic fungus
Fungi may be
• Saprobes (absorb nutrients from dead
organic material)
• Parasites (absorb nutrients from live
organic material)
• Predators
31.4 Specialized
fungal hyphae
Fungi may be
• Saprobes (absorb nutrients from dead
organic material)
• Parasites (absorb nutrients from live
organic material)
• Predators
• Mutualistic symbionts
31.23. Lichens (mutualism between an alga/cyanobacterium and a fungus)
31.24
Anatomy of a lichen
Fungus
Anatomy of a lichen
Algal cells
Mycorrhizae:
Fungus living in a
mutualistic symbiosis
with plant roots
An experimental
test of the benefits
of mycorrhizae
(soybean plants)
Compare with 31.21.
Inquiry
Do endophytes
(fungi within plants)
benefit a woody
plant
31.22 Fungal-animal mutualistic symbiosis
Leaf cutting ants depend on fungi to convert plant material into ant food. Ants feed the fungi the leaves
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxnmh4IDYaU
Which of the following statements is sufficient
by itself to identify an unknown organism as
belonging to the kingdom Fungi?
a) It is multicellular and non-photosynthetic.
b) It has cell walls and reproduces by spores.
c) It has filamentous growth and obtains its food by
absorption.
d) It has prokaryotic cells, and cell walls made of
chitin.
e) It is unicellular and eukaryotic.
31.5 Generalized life cycle of fungi
Phylogeny of fungi
31.11. Exploring
fungal diversity.
Deuteromycetes (imperfect fungi)
• Fungi without known sexual stages that cannot
(yet) be classified.
Phylogeny of fungi
31.10 Chytridiomycota (chytrids)
– aquatic (~1,000 species)
Flagellated stage (zoospore)
Some chytrids are devastating
amphibian populations
Phylogeny of fungi
The common mold Rhizopus decomposing strawberries
Zygomycota - Conjugating Fungi
31.13 The life cycle of the zygomycete Rhizopus (black bread mold)
Young zygosporangium
Mature zygosporangium
Dung cannon fungus
(Pilobolus crystallinus)
on rabbit pellets.
Pilobolus
Phylogeny of fungi
31.15. Glomeromycetes: Arbuscular mycorrhizae with hyphae
tips that push into plant roots and branch into tiny tree-like
structures
Phylogeny of fungi
Sac Fungi: Ascomycetes - Life cycle (31.17)
Antheridia
Developing asci
Mature ascus with
ascospores
Budding yeast
31.16. Ascomycetes (sac fungi)
Scarlet cup
Truffles
Morel
A moldy orange (left), Penicillium (right)
Phylogeny of fungi
31.19. The life cycle of a mushroom-forming basidiomycete
Gills (reproduction)
31.18 Basidiomycetes (club fungi): Greville's bolete (top left),
turkey tail (bottom left), stinkhorn (right)
Coprinus comatus, Shaggy Mane
Amanita
Review of Fungal
Phyla (p. 652)
What is the fungal process that has the
opposite effect on chromosome number than
the effect of meiosis?
• Mitosis
• Plasmogamy
• Crossing over
• Binary fission
• Karyogamy