Transcript Renaissance and Reformation 3 and 4

Section 3
The Protestant Reformation
Daily Objectives
• Discuss the major goal of
humanism in northern Europe,
which was to reform
Christendom.
• Explain how Martin Luther’s
religious reforms led to the
emergence of Protestantism.
I. Erasmus & Christian
Humanism
• Christian humanism
was a movement to
reform the Catholic
Church
• Read the classics,
esp. the basic works
of Christianity
I. Erasmus & Christian
Humanism
• The best
known of all
the Christian
humanists was
Desiderius
Erasmus of
Holland
I. Erasmus & Christian
Humanism
• Erasmus humorously
criticized aspects of
the Catholic Church in
his book The Praise of
Folly
• Sought reform within
the Catholic Church
I. Erasmus & Christian
Humanism
• Sir Thomas
Moore, of
England also
sought to
reform the
Church
II. Religion on the Eve of the
Reformation
• Catholic Church was
corrupt
• Popes - failed to meet
the Church’s spiritual
needs
• *A decline in the power
of the Catholic Church
• Pope Julius II
II. Religion on the Eve of the
Reformation
• Protestant Reformation, reform
movement that divided the
Church into Catholic & Protestant
groups
II. Religion on the Eve of the
Reformation
• *Martin
Luther, began
the
Reformation
movement in
th
the 16 century
II. Religion on the Eve of the
Reformation
• Salvation,
acceptance into
Heaven
• Indulgence –
release from all or
part of the
punishment for sin
III. Martin Luther
• Luther came to believe that humans
are not saved through good works
but through their faith in God
• Luther’s ideas “justification by faith”
became the chief teachings of the
Protestant Reformation
A. The Ninety-five Theses
• *Luther was
greatly upset
by the
widespread
selling of
indulgences
A. The Ninety-five Theses
• *Ninety-five
Theses were
a stunning
attack on
abuses in the
sale of
indulgences
A. The Ninety-five Theses
• *Luther wanted the
Bible printed in the
vernacular so all
could understand it.
• Ex. Germany
(vernacular) instead
the traditional Latin
Bible in Latin
Bible in German
the Bible
excommunicated
Martin Luther
the policy of
selling
indulgences
B. A Break with the Church
• *Luther refused
submit (or retract his
95 Thesis) to the
Pope’s demands
• *Edict of Worms
made Martin Luther
an outlaw within the
Holy Roman Empire
C. The Rise of Lutheranism
• *The innovation that
had the greatest
impact on the
Protestant
Reformation was
Johann Gutenberg’s
movable-type
printing press
C. The Rise of Lutheranism
• Lutheranism
was the first
Protestant
faith
IV. Politics in the German
Reformation
• Charles V, Holy
Roman Emperor
• Bohemia, Hungary
• The Peace of
Augsburg formally
accepted the division of
Christianity in Germany
Section 4
The Spread of Protestantism
& the Catholic Response
Daily Objectives
• Summarize the different forms
of Protestantism that emerged
in Europe as the Reformation
spread.
• Summarize the religious rebirth
of the Catholic Church.
I.
The Zwinglian Reformation
• Ulrich Zwingli a priest who
led a Protestant reform
movement in Zurich
Switzerland
• Introduced religious reforms,
relics and images were
abolished
I.
The Zwinglian Reformation
• New church services, reading,
prayer and sermons
• Zwingli, Later killed by his
enemies
II. Calvin & Calvinism
• John Calvin, in 1536, published
the Institutions of the Christian
Religion
• Stood very close to Luther on
most doctrine
• *Predestination, God had
determined in advance who would
be saved and who would be
damned
John Calvin
http://encarta.msn.com/find/MediaMax.
• Protestant
who fled
France to
Switzerland
II. Calvin & Calvinism
• In 1536, Calvin began working to
reform the City of Geneva
• The Consistory, a special body
for enforcing moral discipline was
set up to punish people for varies
“crimes” like dancing, singing
obscene songs, drunkenness,
swearing and playing cards
III. The Reformation in England
• King Henry VIII, king of
England
• Needed a male heir
• *Annul, declare invalid
• Act of Supremacy, declared
that the king was the supreme
head of the Church of England
Henry
VIII
Holbein
http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/search.cgi?author=HOLBEIN
III. The Reformation in England
• Henry used his new powers to
dissolve the monasteries and
sell their land and possessions
• The Church of England, is also
known as the Anglican Church
• Children – Edward VI, Mary,
Elizabeth
Catherine
of
Aragon
http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/katherineofaragonportrait
Anne
Boleyn
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/9194/h8/twomain.html
Jane
Seymour
http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/search.cgi?author=HOLBEIN%2C+Hans+the+Younger
Anne of
Cleves
http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/anneofclevesportrait
Katherine
Howard
http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/katherinehowardportrait.
1547
Edward
becomes
kingProtestants
gain power
Edward VI
died at 16
http://www.royal.gov.uk./history/tudor.htm
1553 Mary
(Bloody Mary),
a Catholic
becomes
Queen-tries
to force
return to Catholicism
http://www.royal.gov.uk./history/tudor.htm
IV. The Anabaptists
• *The Anabaptists were regarded as
dangerous radicals who threatened
the very fabric of 16th century society
• Belief in adult baptism, chose its
own minister, separation of church
and state, refused to hold public
office or bear arms
• Today’s Amish and
Menonites
http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~doron/amish.jpg
4
Church of England
Lutheran, Calvinist,
and Anabaptist
V. Effects of the Role of Women
• * Overall, the Protestant
Reformation did not change
women’s subordinate place in
society
VI. The Catholic Reformation
 1. The Jesuits, 2. reform of the
papacy, and 3. the Council of
Trent
 1. *The Society of Jesus,
known as the Jesuits, was
founded by a Spanish
noblemen, Ignatius of Loyola
VI. The Catholic Reformation
 1. Jesuits were a religious
order of the Catholic Church
 Used education to spread their
message
 Missionary work
VI. The Catholic Reformation
 2. Reform of the Papacy
 Reform Commission blamed
the Church’s problems on the
corrupt policies of the popes
VI. The Catholic Reformation
 *3. Council of Trent, reaffirmed
traditional Catholic teachings
in opposition to Protestant
beliefs
 Both faith & good works
needed for salvation, seven
sacraments, clerical celibacy
Council of Trent
1545-1563
VI. The Catholic Reformation
 Selling of indulgences was
forbidden