Transcript WHII: SOL 3b

WHII: SOL 3b
The Reformation Spreads
Reformation in Germany
• Princes in Northern Germany converted to
Protestantism, ending the authority of the
Pope in their states.
• The Hapsburg family and the authority of the
Holy Roman Empire continued to support the
Roman Catholic Church.
• Conflict between Protestants and Catholics
resulted in devastating wars (e.g., Thirty Years’
War).
Thirty Years War A conflict between Protestant and Catholic states and
empires across Europe (especially German regions)
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Protestant
Sweden
France
Denmark-Norway
Bohemia
United Provinces
Prussia
England
Transylvania
Ottoman Empire
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Catholic
Holy Roman Empire
Austria
Bohemia (after 1620)
Spanish empire
Croatia
Hungary
Denmark Norway (16431645)
Reformation in France
• Catholic monarchy granted Protestant
Huguenots (Calvinist Protestants) freedom of
worship by the Edict of Nantes (later revoked).
• Cardinal Richelieu changed the focus of the
Thirty Years’ War from a religious to a political
conflict
Catholic Reformation
• Dissenters prior to Martin Luther: Jan Huss, John
Wycliffe
• Counter-Reformation:
• The Council of Trent reaffirmed most Church
doctrine and practices.
• The Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) was founded to
spread Catholic doctrine around the world.
• The Inquisition was used to reinforce Catholic
doctrine
Council of Trent
• Focused on the accusations made by the
Protestant movement
– Church condemned the teachings of the Protestants
– Church reformed the administration and discipline
within the Church (attempt to end corruption)
– Church as ultimate interpreter of Scripture
– Relationship of faith and good works confirmed
– Ended controversial practices such as sale of
indulgences and usury
Jesuits
• Founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534
• Focused on the teachings of Jesus Christ
• Men take vows of chastity, poverty, and
obedience
• Founded missionaries all over the world
• Spread the Catholic faith through missions
and universities
• “Soldiers of Jesus”
The Inquisition
• Councils formed to try heretics
• Spread throughout Europe
• Sometimes used torture to extract a
“confession” of heresy (opposing ideas to
those taught by the Roman Catholic church)
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Where were most of the Catholics located?
Where were most of the Protestants located?
Where was the residence of the Pope?
What conclusion can be made about the
location of Protestants in relation to the
location of the head of the church of Rome?
• What nation or territory was most likely to
have a war over religion?
• Draw a dot for the cities of London, Paris, Bordeaux,
Avignon, Rome, Geneva, Worms, Erfurt, and
Wittenberg.
• Color the water blue.
• Color the areas that were mostly Catholic in pink.
• Color the areas that were Lutheran in green.
• Color the area that was Calvinist in yellow.
• Draw small triangles where Huguenot minorities lived.
• Draw small squares where Presbyterian minorities lived