Transcript SOC 102-Week 3b Slideshow

SOC 102 – BECOMING MODERN:
The Social Origins &
Consequences of Modernity
Dr. Manuel Vallée
University of Auckland
Semester 2 - 2016
OUTLINE - LECTURE 3b
• Recap
• Renaissance Humanism
• The Printing Press
• The Protestant Reformation
The Renaissance: An Introduction
Renaissance Humanism
What was Renaissance Humanism?
1) What is Renaissance Humanism?
Refers to an intellectual movement in Europe that viewed the
centuries since the fall of the Roman Empire as the dark ages, and
which sought to remedy this situation by returning to the classical
Greek and Roman authors.
2) What were the goals?
The goals were produce students who had the philosophical tools to
contemplate deeply on ethical matters, and the rhetorical tools to
communicate effectively to society.
What was Renaissance Humanism?
1) What is Renaissance Humanism?
What was Renaissance Humanism?
1) What is Renaissance Humanism?
Refers to an intellectual movement in Europe that viewed the
centuries since the fall of the Roman Empire as the dark ages, and
which sought to remedy this situation by returning to the classical
Greek and Roman authors.
2) What were the goals?
What was Renaissance Humanism?
1) What is Renaissance Humanism?
Refers to an intellectual movement in Europe that viewed the
centuries since the fall of the Roman Empire as the dark ages, and
which sought to remedy this situation by returning to the classical
Greek and Roman authors.
2) What were the goals?
The goals were produce students who had the philosophical tools to
contemplate deeply on ethical matters, and the rhetorical tools to
communicate effectively to society.
WHAT WAS THE TIMELINE OF
RENAISSANCE HUMANISM?
WHAT WERE THE CULTURAL
CONSEQUENCES OF RENAISSANCE
HUMANISM?
WHO BENEFITED FROM THE SPREAD OF
RENAISSANCE HUMANISM?
WHO DID NOT BENEFIT?
WHAT IS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN
RENAISSANCE HUMANISM AND
MODERNITY?
Main Elements of Modernity
1) Secularism
2) Shift from superstitious thinking to logic & reason
3) The rise of individualism
4) Democracy
5) Nationalism
6) Industrialization
7) Rapid technological change
8) Urbanization
Main Elements of Modernity
1) Secularism
2) Shift from superstitious thinking to logic & reason
3) Individuality
4) Democracy
5) Nationalism
6) Industrialization
7) Rapid technological change
8) Urbanization
Did Renaissance Humanism contribute to the emergence of any of these
traits?
The Renaissance: The Printing Press
How Quickly did the Printing Press
Spread throughout the World?
The Diffusion of the Printing Press
The Diffusion of the Printing Press
The Diffusion of the Printing Press
9 cities
27 cities
The Diffusion of the Printing Press
27 cities
Over 110 cities
The Diffusion of the Printing Press
Over 110 cities
Over 150 cities
The Diffusion of the Printing Press
The Diffusion of the Printing Press
How Quickly did the Printing Press
Spread throughout the World?
Go to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spread-ofprinting.gif
WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF THE
PRINTING PRESS?
The Impact of the Printing Press
Invention
of the
Printing
Press
The Impact of the Printing Press
Standardization
of books
Invention
of the
Printing
Press
The Impact of the Printing Press
Standardization
of books
Invention
of the
Printing
Press
Enabled people in
different cities to
own the same
version of books
The Impact of the Printing Press
Standardization
of books
Invention
of the
Printing
Press
Enabled people in
different cities to
own the same
version of books
Enabled people in
different cities to
correspond about
particular books
The Impact of the Printing Press
Standardization
of books
Invention
of the
Printing
Press
Enabled people in
different cities to
own the same
version of books
Enabled people in
different cities to
correspond about
particular books
Stimulated
Advancement of
Research
The Impact of the Printing Press
Standardization
of books
Invention
of the
Printing
Press
Increased the
speed of
reproduction
Enabled people in
different cities to
own the same
version of books
Enabled people in
different cities to
correspond about
particular books
Stimulated
Advancement of
Research
The Impact of the Printing Press
Standardization
of books
Invention
of the
Printing
Press
Increased the
speed of
reproduction
Enabled people in
different cities to
own the same
version of books
Increased the
diffusion of
ideas
Enabled people in
different cities to
correspond about
particular books
Stimulated
Advancement of
Research
The Impact of the Printing Press
Standardization
of books
Invention
of the
Printing
Press
Increased the
speed of
reproduction
Enabled people in
different cities to
own the same
version of books
Increased the
diffusion of
ideas
Enabled people in
different cities to
correspond about
particular books
Undermined
authority
structures
Stimulated
Advancement of
Research
The Impact of the Printing Press
Standardization
of books
Invention
of the
Printing
Press
Increased the
speed of
reproduction
Enabled people in
different cities to
own the same
version of books
Increased the
diffusion of
ideas
Enabled people in
different cities to
correspond about
particular books
Undermined
authority
structures
Facilitated
Social
Change
Stimulated
Advancement of
Research
The Impact of the Printing Press
Standardization
of books
Invention
of the
Printing
Press
Increased the
speed of
reproduction
Increased #
books
produced
Enabled people in
different cities to
own the same
version of books
Increased the
diffusion of
ideas
Enabled people in
different cities to
correspond about
particular books
Undermined
authority
structures
Facilitated
Social
Change
Stimulated
Advancement of
Research
The Impact of the Printing Press
Standardization
of books
Invention
of the
Printing
Press
Increased the
speed of
reproduction
Increased #
books
produced
Reduced
Production
Costs
Enabled people in
different cities to
own the same
version of books
Increased the
diffusion of
ideas
Enabled people in
different cities to
correspond about
particular books
Undermined
authority
structures
Facilitated
Social
Change
Stimulated
Advancement of
Research
The Impact of the Printing Press
Standardization
of books
Invention
of the
Printing
Press
Increased the
speed of
reproduction
Enabled people in
different cities to
own the same
version of books
Increased the
diffusion of
ideas
Increased #
books
produced
Reduced
Production
Costs
Books more
affordable
Enabled people in
different cities to
correspond about
particular books
Undermined
authority
structures
Facilitated
Social
Change
Stimulated
Advancement of
Research
The Impact of the Printing Press
Standardization
of books
Invention
of the
Printing
Press
Increased the
speed of
reproduction
Enabled people in
different cities to
own the same
version of books
Increased the
diffusion of
ideas
Enabled people in
different cities to
correspond about
particular books
Undermined
authority
structures
Increased #
books
produced
Reduced
Production
Costs
Books more
affordable
Greater
Readership
Facilitated
Social
Change
Stimulated
Advancement of
Research
The Impact of the Printing Press
Standardization
of books
Invention
of the
Printing
Press
Increased the
speed of
reproduction
Enabled people in
different cities to
own the same
version of books
Increased the
diffusion of
ideas
Enabled people in
different cities to
correspond about
particular books
Undermined
authority
structures
Increased #
books
produced
Reduced
Production
Costs
Facilitated
Social
Change
Increased
transmission
of ideas
Books more
affordable
Greater
Readership
Stimulated
Advancement of
Research
The Impact of the Printing Press
Standardization
of books
Invention
of the
Printing
Press
Increased the
speed of
reproduction
Enabled people in
different cities to
own the same
version of books
Increased the
diffusion of
ideas
Enabled people in
different cities to
correspond about
particular books
Undermined
authority
structures
Increased #
books
produced
Reduced
Production
Costs
Facilitated
Social
Change
Increased
transmission
of ideas
Books more
affordable
Greater
Readership
Stimulated
Advancement of
Research
Stimulated
Advancement of
Research
The Impact of the Printing Press
Standardization
of books
Invention
of the
Printing
Press
Increased the
speed of
reproduction
Enabled people in
different cities to
own the same
version of books
Increased the
diffusion of
ideas
Enabled people in
different cities to
correspond about
particular books
Undermined
authority
structures
Increased #
books
produced
Reduced
Production
Costs
Stimulated
Advancement of
Research
Facilitated
Social
Change
Increased
transmission
of ideas
Books more
affordable
Greater
Readership
Standardization
of national
language
Stimulated
Advancement of
Research
WHAT WAS THE CULTURAL
IMPACT OF THE PRINTING PRESS?
WHAT WAS THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF
THE PRINTING PRESS?
WHAT WAS THE POLITICAL IMPACT
OF THE PRINTING PRESS?
HOW DID IT CONTRIBUTE TO
THE SPREAD OF MODERNITY?
Main Elements of Modernity
1) Secularism
2) Shift from superstitious thinking to logic & reason
3) Individuality
4) Democracy
5) Nationalism
6) Industrialization
7) Rapid technological change
8) Urbanization
Main Elements of Modernity
1) Secularism
2) Shift from superstitious thinking to logic & reason
3) Individuality
4) Democracy
5) Nationalism
6) Industrialization
7) Rapid technological change
8) Urbanization
Did the Printing Press contribute to the emergence of any of these traits?
THE RELIGIOUS REFORMATIONS
The Protestant Reformation
• What was the Protestant Reformation?
The Protestant Reformation
• What was the Protestant Reformation?
- Lutheranism
The Protestant Reformation
• What was the Protestant Reformation?
- Lutheranism
- Calvinism
The Protestant Reformation
• What was the Protestant Reformation?
- Lutheranism
- Calvinism
- The English Reformation
The Protestant Reformation
• What was the Protestant Reformation?
- Lutheranism
- Calvinism
- The English Reformation
- The Radical Reformation
The Protestant Reformation
• What was the Protestant Reformation?
- Lutheranism
- Calvinism
- The English Reformation
- The Radical Reformation
- The Catholic Counter-Reformation
The Protestant Reformation
• Who were the drivers of this historical event?
The Protestant Reformation
Who were the drivers of this historical event?
Martin Luther (1483 - 1546)
Germany
The Protestant Reformation
Who were the drivers of this historical event?
Martin Luther (1483 - 1546)
Germany
Huldrych Zwingli (1484 - 1531)
Switzerland
The Protestant Reformation
Who were the drivers of this historical event?
Martin Luther (1483 - 1546)
Germany
Huldrych Zwingli (1484 - 1531)
Switzerland
John Calvin (1509 - 1564)
France & Switzerland
The Protestant Reformation
Who was Martin Luther?
Martin Luther (1483 - 1546)
Germany
The Protestant Reformation
Key Dates for Martin Luther:
- 1483: Born
- 1505: law student caught in thunderstorm
- 1507: ordained as priest
- 1510: arrival in Rome
- 1517: Valla’s Donation of Constantine
printed in Germany.
- 1517: On October 31st, Luther posts the
95 theses against indulgences.
- 1517: Within 2 weeks the theses spread
throughout Germany
- 1517: Within 2 months the theses spread
throughout Europe
- 1518: January the theses are translated
from Latin into German.
- 1517-1520: Luther wrote 30+ tracts, with
more than 300,000 copies printed.
- 1520: Pope Leo X demanded that Luther
retract all his writings
- 1521: Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
demanded the same of Luther
- In both cases, Luther refused
- 1521: Pope excommunicates Luther &
brands him an outlaw
- 1524: German peasants rise up.
- 1529: Group of German princes
“protest” against calls to condemn Luther.
- 1533: Henry VIII (UK) splits from Rome
- 1546: Martin Luther dies
- By the time of his death, councils with
reformed church tendencies controlled
1) Wittenberg, 2) Nuremberg,
3) Strasbourg, 4) Zurich, 5) Berne, and
6) Basle.
What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?
Differences between Lutheranism and Catholicism
Catholicism
Relationship
with God
Lutheranism
What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?
Differences between Lutheranism and Catholicism
Relationship
with God
Catholicism
Lutheranism
Indirect. Thru Priests
Humans have direct relationship.
Do not need priests to access God
What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?
Differences between Lutheranism and Catholicism
Relationship
with God
How can
salvation be
attained?
Catholicism
Lutheranism
Indirect. Thru Priests
Humans have direct relationship.
Do not need priests to access God
What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?
Differences between Lutheranism and Catholicism
Catholicism
Lutheranism
Relationship
with God
Indirect. Thru Priests
Humans have direct relationship.
Do not need priests to access God
How can
salvation be
attained?
Thru priests, indulgences and
Saints.
Salvation can't be bought. The only
path to salvation is thru absolute
faith.
What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?
Differences between Lutheranism and Catholicism
Catholicism
Lutheranism
Relationship
with God
Indirect. Thru Priests
Humans have direct relationship.
Do not need priests to access God
How can
salvation be
attained?
Thru priests, indulgences and
Saints.
Salvation can't be bought. The only
path to salvation is thru absolute
faith.
Theatre and
paraphenalia
What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?
Differences between Lutheranism and Catholicism
Catholicism
Lutheranism
Relationship
with God
Indirect. Thru Priests
Humans have direct relationship.
Do not need priests to access God
How can
salvation be
attained?
Thru priests, indulgences and
Saints.
Salvation can't be bought. The only
path to salvation is thru absolute
faith.
Theatre and
paraphenalia
At the core of church practices
de-emphasized
What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?
Differences between Lutheranism and Catholicism
Catholicism
Lutheranism
Relationship
with God
Indirect. Thru Priests
Humans have direct relationship.
Do not need priests to access God
How can
salvation be
attained?
Thru priests, indulgences and
Saints.
Salvation can't be bought. The only
path to salvation is thru absolute
faith.
Theatre and
paraphenalia
At the core of church practices
de-emphasized
Language of the
bible
What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?
Differences between Lutheranism and Catholicism
Catholicism
Lutheranism
Relationship
with God
Indirect. Thru Priests
Humans have direct relationship.
Do not need priests to access God
How can
salvation be
attained?
Thru priests, indulgences and
Saints.
Salvation can't be bought. The only
path to salvation is thru absolute
faith.
Theatre and
paraphenalia
At the core of church practices
de-emphasized
Language of the
latin
bible
German vernacular
What Prompted Luther to Write the 95 Theses?
What Prompted Luther to Write the 95 Theses?
What Prompted Luther to Write the 95 Theses?
What Prompted Luther to Write the 95 Theses?
What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church?
1) Suppress the reformers
What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church?
1) Suppress the reformers
2) Intimidate through art
What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church?
1) Suppress the reformers
2) Intimidate through art
3) Set up systems of social control
What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church?
1)
SUPPRESS THE REFORMERS
-
1520: The Pope Pressured Luther to recant his writings
-
1521: The Pope Excommunicated Martin Luther
What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church?
2) INTIMIDATE THROUGH ART
-
1520-1524: Vatican commissioned Donation of Constantine painting
-
1535-1541: Michelangelo’s “The Last Judgment”
What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church?
Donation of Constantine (1520-1524)
What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church?
Michelangelo’s
“The Last Judgment”
(1535-1541)
What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church?
3) SET UP SYSTEMS OF SOCIAL CONTROL
- 1540: Pope founds Society of Jesuits to “strive especially for the propagation and
defense of the faith and progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine”
- 1542: Pope established the Roman Inquisition to hunt down heretics & reformers
- 1545: Pope convened the Council of Trent to rebut Protestantism
- 1563: Issued Index of forbidden books
How far did Lutheranism spread?
How far did Lutheranism spread?
What factors Contributed to the
Effectiveness of Luther’s Criticism?
What was the cultural impact of the
Protestant Reformation?
What were the Social Consequences of the
Protestant Reformation?
How did the Protestant Reformation Alter
the Distribution of Power in European
Society?
How did the Protestant Reformation
Contribute to the Development of
Modernity?