Transcript Martin Luther

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Martin Luther
• KEY BELIEF: Justification by faith.
• ULTIMATE AUTHORTY: Bible
• Hapsburgs: Ruling family of Germany who
worked to stop Luther.
• DENOMINATION (SECT): Lutheranism
Thirty Years War
• Hapsburgs supported the Catholics.
• German Princes supported Luther.
Causes Civil War.
Ends with Peace of Augsburg.
• Cardinal Richelieu (leader of France) is concerned
with taking political power from the Hapsburgs,
not religion – so he tolerates the Protestants.
CARDINAL RICHELIEU – CHANGED THIRTY YEARS
WAR FROM A RELIGIOUS WAR TO A POLITICAL WAR!
John Calvin
• KEY BELIEF: Predestination
– God chooses who has salvation.
• Accepted by French Huguenots who were
persecuted for their beliefs.
• Established a theocracy in Geneva–
government led by religion.
John Calvin
• Edict of Nantes granted religious freedom to
Protestants in France, but it was later revoked.
• DENOMINATION (SECT): Calvinism
Edict of Nantes
• A civil war also broke out in France between
Protestants and Catholics.
• Henry, the French Leader had been a
Protestant, but he became a Catholicism in
order to be king.
EDICT OF NANTES – GIVES FREEDOM IN FRANCE
…until it gets revoked!
Edict of Nantes
• Henry issued the Edict of Nantes to grant
religious freedom to the French Protestants.
• The Edict was later revoked by Henry’s
grandson.
EDICT OF NANTES – GIVES FREEDOM IN FRANCE
…until it gets revoked!
King Henry VIII
• Established the Anglican Church in England.
• Henry named himself ruler of the church and
granted his own divorce.
• Anglicanism becomes the religion of England.
King Henry VIII
• The Catholic Church loses all power in
England.
• Next two leaders fail to maintain the Anglican
Church and Catholicism returns.
Elizabeth I
• Reorganizes Anglicanism
• Names the Anglican Church as the official
Church of England.
• Tolerates dissenters allowing the church to
maintain peaceful control.
• Expands England and begins Colonialism.
• Wins in the Spanish Armada.
ELIZABETH I – ANGLICAN IS BACK IN ENGLAND!!!
The Catholic Counter
Reformation
• The Catholic Church responded to the Protestant
Reformation with the Counter Reformation.
• Inquisition was a court established to try
heretics who spoke out against the Catholic
Church. They could be punished to death by
burning if found guilty.
INQUISITION – Catholic Court for Heretics!
The Catholic Counter
Reformation
• In order to spread Catholic beliefs, Ignatius of
Loyola founded the Jesuits (Society of Jesus) in
hopes of keeping believers in the faith.
JESUITS – Catholic Missionaries
COUNCIL OF TRENT – Organized Catholic Doctrine
The Catholic Counter
Reformation
• At the Council of Trent the Catholics ended the
sale of indulgences and agreed that faith could
play a role in Salvation. They refused to agree
that average citizens could interpret the Bible,
and that only the church leaders should be
allowed to do so.
JESUITS – Catholic Missionaries
COUNCIL OF TRENT – Organized Catholic Doctrine
Outcomes of the Protestant
Reformation
• Growth of religious tolerance and beliefs in
individualism.
• Spread of literacy and reading because of the
Printing Press.
PRINTING PRESS IMPROVES LITERACY!!!
Outcomes of the Protestant
Reformation
• Translation of the Bible into German, French,
and English.
• Catholic Church is severely weakened in
Europe.
PRINTING PRESS IMPROVES LITERACY!!!
Outcomes of the Counter
Reformation
• Catholic Church maintains power in some
areas of Europe, such as Italy, Spain, parts of
France, and Austria.
• Protestantism becomes a powerful religious
force throughout Europe and eventually the
New World.
Luther nails his 95
Theses to the church
door in Wittenberg
Catholic Church sold
indulgences as a way for
believers to “buy”
forgiveness and a way for
the Church to make Money
The church had ultimate
authority over all matters,
not the Bible.
Catholics control Europe in
nearly every aspect and the
church is dominated by
Italians.
John Calvin establishes the
belief in Predestination and
establishes a theocracy.
Luther nails his 95
Theses to the church
door in Wittenberg
King Henry VIII splits
England from Catholic
Church and establishes
Anglican Church.
Catholic’s respond with
Counter Reformation using
Inquisition, Jesuits, and
Council of Trent.
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