Transcript The Spread of Protestantismchap5sect3n4

The Spread of Protestantism
And the Catholic Reformation
Chapter 5 Sections 3, 4 and 5 Chunky Combo
Package.
The Germans, Swiss, and the English
TOGETHER AS A SANDWICH!! Not really…
Photo Analysis #1:
Photo Analysis #2:
Similarities/Differences
How are these 2 similar? Different?
Martin Luther
• The Protestant Reformation was begun by a German
Monk named Martin Luther in 1517. Breaks Christians
into two main sides: Catholics and Protestants .
• Luther and many others saw the catholic Church of the
1500s as corrupt; especially it’s practice of selling
indulgences: paying the Catholic Church to have one’s
sins absolved and assure them entrance to heaven.
• After much thought, on Oct. 31st 1517, Luther (now a
priest and professor) nailed a sign on the Wittenberg
Church door with his 95 Theses which criticized
indulgences and other church policies! Printed copies
quickly spread across Germany.
• Sales of INDULGENCES declined quickly,
Luther was excommunicated in 1521 and then
was brought to the Diet(meaning council) of
WORMS to recant his views in front of
German princes. He refused! Was labeled a
heretic (NON BELIEVER) and an outlaw and
goes into hiding!
Spread of Protestantism (sec 4)
• In the 1500s Protestantism spread throughout Europe but divisions
within it began to appear
• 1525: Swiss priest named Zwingli in the city of Zurich set up a
theocracy: meaning a church run state. An army of Swiss Catholics
rose up to fight the folk of Zurich and defeated them. (one of the
many religious wars to take place between European Catholics and
the new Protestants)
• John Calvin: 1541 Another Swiss church leader in Geneva. He
started his own brand of Protestantism which became known as
Calvinism and was democratic in nature.
• He spread the belief o f Predestination: That God alone determines
the fate of every person. Calvinism urged peoples to overthrow
“ungodly ” rulers. Contributes to rise of later revolutionary
movements.
England’s Church Turmoil
• Reformation ideas filtered into England in 1500s. An
argument occurred between the pope and King Henry
VIII and brought these ideas into English politics.
• Henry VIII had first married a Catholic Spanish princess
named Catherine of Aragon who did bear him a
daughter, MARY. Henry, however, wanted a male heir
to the throne, believed Catherine too old to produce
more kids, asked for a divorce so he could marry the
cute Anne Boleyn.
• Pope refused.
• So Henry ordered parliament to pass: The Act of
Supremacy in 1534, this made Henry the head of the
English Church instead of the Pope. And he broke all
of England away from the Catholic church.
• The New Church of England kept many of the
Catholic doctrines and forms of worship.
• Henry did close monasteries, seized Catholic lands
etc.
• Some English Catholics,( like Sir Thomas Moore) did
complain about the change and were beheaded!
….OOPs, don’t complain to the KING!
Henry’s Wives: The good, the bad and
the beheaded.
Henry (as head of the Church) had the Church of England declare his divorce from Catherine.
After his second marriage to Anne, Boleyn did give Henry a daughter, Elizabeth, but still no
son.
• Henry, not happy, after a few years had Anne beheaded ( accused of an affair with her
brother, NEVER happened)
• Henry married 4 more times to:
• Jane Seymour
m. 1536 - 1537
Died after giving birth to a son : Edward
•
Anne of Cleves
m. 1540 Jan. - July
Divorced
•
Kathryn Howard
m. 1540 - 1542
Executed
•
Katherine Parr
m. 1543 – 1547 Widowed.
VLA reviews:
• #1. Martin Luther clip: each student create a
list of 4 KEY facts or details from the video:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dt5AJr0wl
s0
• Be ready to share!
• Horrible histories: Wives of Henry VIII:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fadCAHjN-s Each student will create a detail
list an attempt to give one fact on each of the
6 wives! (will play this twice!)
Mini review:
• In groups appoint a writer, presenter and
researchers (trick statement you are ALL
researchers!) and create a WEB of what your
group agrees are the top 10 facts from the 1st
part of this power point. (what we covered
thus far.
• Be ready to share and sing it! (jk)
England’s journey to Anglicanism
• Bonus HISTORY!: After Henry VIII’s death
Edward (son of Jane Seymore)became Edward
IV at age nine and ruled England until he died
in his late teens.
• replaced by Catherine’s daughter Mary who
became known as “Bloody Mary” (for burning
protestants to death while trying to restore
Catholicism to England by force.)
• After Catholic Queen Mary’s death in 1558,
her half sister Elizabeth (daughter of Anne
Boleyn) becomes Queen Elizabeth I and fully
transforms the English Church to
Protestantism with some Catholic features,
this blend becomes Anglicanism and pleases
most Englishmen…
• (except Puritans who want to chop out all
remaining bits of Catholic ritual and flee to
New World later…)
The Catholic Reformation
• During the 1530s and 1540s Pope Paul III set out reform the
Catholic Church and stem the advance of Protestant ideas.
• Council of Trent: met off and on for 20 yrs until 1563: reaffirmed
Catholic teachings and declared that church tradition was equal in
importance to what is written in the Bible. (must follow Papal
decrees)
• Also said only Bible version to read is the LATIN version (Protestants
printed Bible in local tongues) also Mass in Latin
• Started SEMINARY SCHOOLS to ensure a better educated clergy
• Encouraged new art and architecture style called baroque
Which stressed emotion complexity and exaggeration for dramatic
effect. Examples:
Baroque Art example
The Inquisition
• Started in 1232, as a church court, courts set up
across Europe, especially Spain, Italy and France.
• Used to convert heretics (non believers; those
who spoke against decrees of Catholic Church)
• courts used persuasion then if that failed torture!
Often accused people without evidence.
• To deal with Protestant threat, Inquisition
strengthened in 1500s by Pope Paul III
• Introduced censorship and Banned certain books
to curtail humanist and Protestant thinking
Inquistion Torture tools
A Divided Europe
• 1555: Peace of Augsberg :signed between Catholic Holy Roman
Emperor and German Princes, allowed each ruler to choose the
religion of their subjects
• Catholicism: stayed popular in Southern Europe, places like Italy,
France, Spain Portugal and southern Germany
• Protestantism: popular in Northern Europe, places like Scotland,
Netherlands, Northern Germany and Scandinavia (Sweden,
Norway)
• England had a blend of Protestant and Catholic called Anglicism
• Religious Wars between the 2 factions did break out in 1500s and
early 1600s (30 Years War started like this in 1618 to 1648)
• European Jews caught in the middle and persecuted by both sides
(except in tolerant Netherlands)
Review summation activity
• In groups of 3 or less, appoint a leader
(presenter), writer and researcher and write
down the TOP 10 questions from sections 2
through 5 that your group feels will be on
Chapter 5 Quiz…be ready to ask other groups
of your choosing! (last group “standing: will
win a tiny bit of ec…. Towards the chapter 5
quiz on Monday…)