Transcript The Protestant Reformation

100 Years War and Black
Death
Scientific Advances which
contradicted the Church
The Corruption within the
Catholic Church
Prior to the Reformation all
Christians were Roman Catholic
The [REFORM]ation was an attempt
to REFORM (change) the Catholic
Church
People like Martin Luther wanted to
get rid of the corruption and restore
the people’s faith in the church
b8
In the end the reformers, like
Luther, established their own
religions
The Reformation caused a split in
Christianity with the formation of
these new Protestant religions
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B2,3,4,5
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Henry VIII
Lived from 1483-1546 in
Germany
Father encouraged him to
study law
A sudden religious
experience inspired him to
become a monk
He became troubled over the
possibility of not going to
heaven
He turned to the Bible, and
confession for comfort
In the Bible he found the
answer he was looking for
“The righteous shall live by faith.”
Luther realized that only faith (in
the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not
good deeds, could save a person. No
good works, rituals, etc. would save a
person if they did not believe.
A list of things he thought
were wrong with the Catholic
Church (95 Complaints)
He criticized:
The Power of the Pope
The Extreme Wealth of
the Church
Indulgences (Catholic
concept of Salvation)
Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it
possible for Luther to spread his
beliefs
Posted his 95 Theses on Church
doors in Germany
Gained support from people and
criticism from Church
Some Local German Churches
accepted Luther’s ideas
Supported by German Princes who
issued a formal “protest” against the
Church for suppressing the reforms
The reformers came to be known as
[PROTEST]ants - Protestants
Started in Switzerland –
Calvinists
England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
France = Huguenots
Germany = Reform Church
Presbyterian
PuritanHugeunots
John Calvin - Calvinism
• French lawyer - moved to
religious community in
Geneva, Switzerland
• “Faith Alone” saves you
• The Bible holds the truth
• Religious Education
• PREDESTINATION - God
has already decided who is
saved/condemned.
Calvinism
• Spreads to France,
Germany,
Netherlands,
Scandinavia, Scotland
• Dutch Reformed,
• Scottish Presbyterians,
American Baptists,
Puritans, from this
branch.
Desiderius Erasmus
• Born in Rotterdam
(1466-1536)
• He was a classical
scholar.
• He made new Latin
and Greek editions
of the Bible.
Desiderius Erasmus
• Erasmus wanted the Catholic Church to be
reformed, but he did not leave the church.
• He believed people should be good in their
everyday lives; it was not enough to just
participate in religious activities.
• Erasmus believed that everyone has FREE
WILL and is therefore rewarded or
punished based on the choices he makes.
William Tyndale
• He was an English
scholar (1494-1536).
• His parents died from
the Black Death.
• He was sent to
religious schools.
• Tyndale was
influenced by both
Erasmus and Luther.
William Tyndale
• Tyndale made an ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF
THE BIBLE, which was based on the original Hebrew
and Greek texts.
• His translation was the first English Bible to be mass
produced on the printing press.
• It was considered a challenge [threat] to the Roman
Catholic Church and the laws of England.
Henry VIII of England
• Wished to divorce Catherine of
Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn
• Pope refused to grant it
• Henry declares himself head of
the Church of England in the
“Act of Supremacy” 1534
• In America we call this the
Anglican Church
Act of Supremacy- 1534
• The King is head
of the church in
England, not the
Pope!!
The COUNTER-Reformation
Or,
The Catholic
Church
Strikes Back!!
1545 Council of Trent
• Met over 17 years
• Determined what was heresy (against
church teachings)
• Reaffirmed what was Church teachings
• Launched the Inquisition, and the
Jesuits
IN SHORT,
THE REFORMATION
ENDED CHURCH UNITY IN
WESTERN EUROPE
Learning Target Notebook Assignment
• Number your learning target notebook to page
7.55.
• Copy the learning target (next slide) into the top
margin of the page.
• Divide the page into four boxes and label each one
as shown on the last slide.
• Write a paragraph outlining the why each person
was upset with the Catholic Church and explain
what each person believed (their
beliefs/contributions are indicated in parentheses).
Learning Target 7.55
I can outline the reasons for
growing discontent with the
Catholic Church, including the
main ideas of…and their attempts
to reconcile what they viewed as
God’s word with Christian action.
Learning Target 7.55
Martin Luther (salvation by faith)
Desiderius Erasmus (free will)
John Calvin (predestination)
William Tyndale (translating Bible into English)
Learning Target Notebook Assignment
• Number your learning target notebook to page 7.50.
• Copy the learning target (next slide) into the top
margin of the page.
• Divide the front and back of the page in half from
side to side.
• Label each section as shown on slide 35.
• Write a paragraph about each person and the role
he/she played during the Reformation.
Learning Target 7.50
I can investigate the
Tudor dynasties,
including Henry VIII,
Mary I, and Elizabeth I.
Learning Target 7.50
FRONT OF PAGE
Henry VIII
Mary I
BACK OF PAGE
Elizabeth I