Transcript The Reformation of Christianity

 Reform:
 to
change
 Reformation:
a
reform movement against the Roman
Catholic Church
 Priests
and bishops weren’t religious
anymore.
 The
pope was too involved in politics,
neglecting his religious duties.
 The
church was too rich.
 People
objected to ways that the church
earned money (selling indulgences)
 Martin
Luther was a priest who wanted to
reform the Catholic Church. He made the
first Protestant Church, the Lutheran
Church.
 He
nailed a list of complaints (95 Theses)
about the church to the door of a church
in Wittenberg, Germany.
 Martin Luther Song
(21) Therefore, those
preachers of indulgences err
[make a mistake] who say
that, by the pope’s
indulgence, a man may be
exempt from all punishments,
and be saved.
(30)
Nobody is sure of having
repented [been sorry] sincerely
enough; much less can he be
sure of having received perfect
remission of sins.
43)
Christians should be
taught that he who gives to
the poor, or lends to a needy
man, does better than buying
indulgences
(52)
It is a vain and false thing
to hope to be saved through
indulgences, though the
commissary [seller]—nay, the
pope himself—was to pledge
his own soul therefore.
 Those
who protested against the Roman
Catholic Church became known as
protestants.
 Today, any
Christian church that is not a
Catholic Church is known as a Protestant
Church.
 Martin
Luther started the Lutheran
Church. People began breaking away
from the Catholic Church.
 He
taught that anyone could have a direct
relationship with God.
 He
was an English professor who
believed that everyone should be able to
read and interpret the Bible.
 He
translated the Bible into English
 Catholic
authorities had him killed.
 An
influential reformer whose main
teaching was predestination: the idea
that God knew who would go to Heaven
before they were born, and nothing that
anyone did during their lives could
change God’s plan.
 He
also believed that it was important to
live a good life and obey God’s laws.
 Henry
asked the Pope for a divorce, but
the Pope refused. Henry decided he was
not going to obey the Pope anymore, so
he declared himself the head of a new
church, The Church of England, or the
Anglican Church.
Henry VIII song
 The
efforts of the Catholic Church to stop
the spread of Protestantism and to reform
the Catholic Church from within
 The
purpose of the Spanish Inquisition
was to find and punish any Muslims or
Jews who had converted to Catholicism
but secretly kept their old beliefs. They
also went after Protestants. The intent
was to make sure all the people of Spain
remained Catholic.
 “The
Society of Jesus”—founded by a
Spanish noble, Saint Ignatius of Loyola. A
religious order created to serve the pope
and the church
 Jesuits
taught people about Catholic
ideas in an effort to turn people against
Protestantism.
 Missionaries
baptized people
 Created
new religious orders to spread
Catholic ideas (Jesuits)
 Spanish
heretics
 Banned
Inquisition punished so-called
books with non-Catholic
teachings and ideas
 Bishops
must live in the areas that they
oversee
 Catholic
leaders officially rejected the
ideas of Protestant Leaders
 Created
 The
a list of books to be banned
selling of indulgences was banned
 Some
areas of Europe remained largely
Catholic. Other areas had large
populations of Protestant faiths.
 Religious
 Church
Church
conflicts spread across Europe
leaders reform the Catholic
 Missionaries
the world
 Northern
spread Catholicism around
Europe becomes largely
Protestant
 The
Catholic French king banned all
Protestant religions. In 1562, a religious
war broke out in France. It ended in 1598
when King Henry IV issued the Edict of
Nantes---granted religious freedom in
most of France.
 After
30 years of fighting, The Treaty of
Westphalia, a peace agreement was
worked out between Europe’s rulers.
The rulers of each country would
determine if their country would be
Catholic or Protestant. The treaty also
made many of the kingdoms of
Germany independent of the Holy
Roman Empire.
 There
is an official in charge of the
church
 The
Bible is an important part of the
church
 Both
have the same core beliefs about
Christianity



Protestant Churches do not recognize the Pope
as the authority of the church
Catholic churches are based heavily on rituals
and traditions, whereas Protestant churches tend
to focus on preaching and some rituals
In Catholic churches, priests teach the meanings
of religious teachings in the Bible; Protestant
members are encouraged to arrive at their own
interpretations of the Bible’s teachings.