Transcript Overall Review of Reformation PPT

Chapter 3
The Protestant Reformation
Erasmus & Christian
Humanism
• Christian humanism
was a movement to
reform the Catholic
Church
• Read the classics,
esp. the basic works
of Christianity
Erasmus & Christian
Humanism
• The best
known of all
the Christian
humanists was
Desiderius
Erasmus of
Holland
Erasmus & Christian
Humanism
• Erasmus humorously
criticized aspects of
the Catholic Church in
his book The Praise of
Folly
• Sought reform within
the Catholic Church
Erasmus & Christian
Humanism
• Sir Thomas
Moore, of
England also
sought to
reform the
Church
Religion on the Eve of the
Reformation
• Catholic Church was
corrupt
• Popes - failed to meet
the Church’s spiritual
needs
• *A decline in the power
of the Catholic Church
• Pope Julius II
Religion on the Eve of the
Reformation
• *Martin
Luther, began
the
Reformation
movement in
th
the 16 century
Martin Luther
• Luther came to believe that humans
are not saved through good works
but through their faith in God
• Luther’s ideas “justification by faith”
became the chief teachings of the
Protestant Reformation
A. The Ninety-five Theses
• *Ninety-five
Theses were
a stunning
attack on
abuses in the
sale of
indulgences
A. The Ninety-five Theses
• *Luther wanted the
Bible printed in the
vernacular so all
could understand it.
• Ex. Germany
(vernacular) instead
the traditional Latin
Bible in Latin
Bible in German
the Bible
excommunicated
Martin Luther
the policy of
selling
indulgences
A Break with the Church
• *Luther refused
submit (or retract his
95 Thesis) to the
Pope’s demands
• *Edict of Worms
made Martin Luther
an outlaw within the
Holy Roman Empire
The Rise of Lutheranism
• *The innovation that
had the greatest
impact on the
Protestant
Reformation was
Johann Gutenberg’s
movable-type
printing press
The Rise of Lutheranism
• Lutheranism
was the first
Protestant
faith
Politics in the German
Reformation
• Charles V, Holy
Roman Emperor
• Bohemia, Hungary
• The Peace of
Augsburg formally
accepted the division of
Christianity in Germany
I.
The Zwinglian Reformation
• Ulrich Zwingli a priest who
led a Protestant reform
movement in Zurich
Switzerland
• Introduced religious reforms,
relics and images were
abolished
I.
The Zwinglian Reformation
• New church services, reading,
prayer and sermons
• Zwingli, Later killed by his
enemies
Calvin & Calvinism
• John Calvin, in 1536, published
the Institutions of the Christian
Religion
• Stood very close to Luther on
most doctrine
• *Predestination, God had
determined in advance who would
be saved and who would be
damned
John Calvin
http://encarta.msn.com/find/MediaMax.
• Protestant
who fled
France to
Switzerland
Calvin & Calvinism
• In 1536, Calvin began working to
reform the City of Geneva
• The Consistory, a special body
for enforcing moral discipline was
set up to punish people for varies
“crimes” like dancing, singing
obscene songs, drunkenness,
swearing and playing cards
The Reformation in England
• King Henry VIII, king of
England
• Needed a male heir
• *Annul, declare invalid
• Act of Supremacy, declared
that the king was the supreme
head of the Church of England
The Reformation in England
• Henry used his new powers to
dissolve the monasteries and
sell their land and possessions
• The Church of England, is also
known as the Anglican Church
• Children – Edward VI, Mary,
Elizabeth
1547
Edward
becomes
kingProtestants
gain power
Edward VI
died at 16
http://www.royal.gov.uk./history/tudor.htm
1553 Mary
(Bloody Mary),
a Catholic
becomes
Queen-tries
to force
return to Catholicism
http://www.royal.gov.uk./history/tudor.htm
The Anabaptists
• *The Anabaptists were regarded as
dangerous radicals who threatened
the very fabric of 16th century society
• Belief in adult baptism, chose its
own minister, separation of church
and state, refused to hold public
office or bear arms
• Today’s Amish and
Menonites
http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~doron/amish.jpg
4
Church of England
Lutheran, Calvinist,
and Anabaptist
Effects of the Role of Women
• Overall, the Protestant
Reformation did not change
women’s subordinate place in
society
The Catholic Reformation
 1. The Jesuits, 2. reform of the
papacy, and 3. the Council of
Trent
 The Society of Jesus, known
as the Jesuits, was founded by
a Spanish noblemen, Ignatius
of Loyola
The Catholic Reformation
 Jesuits were a religious order
of the Catholic Church
 Used education to spread their
message
 Missionary work
The Catholic Reformation
 Council of Trent, reaffirmed
traditional Catholic teachings
in opposition to Protestant
beliefs
 Both faith & good works
needed for salvation, seven
sacraments, clerical celibacy
The Catholic Reformation
 Selling of indulgences was
forbidden