Transcript 1583] - Understanding of the retina as photoreceptor Felix Platter

Хирургическое лечение
регматогенных
отслоек сетчатки
Историческая справка
Витреоретинальное собрание 2013
1583 - Understanding of the retina as
photoreceptor
Felix Platter
Felix Platter proposed that the
1536 -1614
lens was the looking glass of the
Swiss physician, professor in Basel eye and that the retina was the
true photoreceptor.
1604 - Kepler describes image on the retina
описал, каким образом изображение
формируется на сетчатке
Johannes Kepler
1571 - 1630
German mathematician, astronomer and
astrologe
1850
Herman von Helmholtz demonstrated
the ophthalmoscope
German physician and physicist who made theories of
vision, ideas on the visual perception of space, color
Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand vision research,
von Helmholtz
In physics, work in electrodynamics, chemical
thermodynamics, and on a mechanical foundation of
1821 – 1894
thermodynamics. As a philosopher, he is known for his
philosophy of science, ideas on the relation between
the laws of perception and the laws of nature
Из современных русских ученых учениками его могут считаться физиологи Е. Адамюк, Н. Бакст,
Ф. Заварыкин, И. Сеченов и др., из физиков П. Зилов, Р. Колли, А. Соколов, Н. Шиллер, и др.
He studied medicine in Leipzig, Prague and Paris, and earned
his degree in 1848. Afterwards he became an assistant at the
Leipzig Eye Clinic, becoming its director in 1867, a position he
held until his death in 1890.
Ernst Adolf Coccius
1825 –1890
in 1853, Coccius provided the first description
of retinal breaks of the eye, and subsequently
made the association to retinal detachment.
In 1853 he devised an ophthalmoscope that
was a modification of the device invented by
Hermann von Helmholtz
"Atlas of Ophthalmoscopy" by Richard Liebreich, published by J.A. Churchill, 3rd edition,
English, London: 1885
Jules Gonin
1870-1935
Before the turn of the 20th century, eyes with a retinal
detachment were considered doomed. Contrary to other
branches of ophthalmology, such as cataract extraction, the
surgical treatment of retinal detachment was still in its
infancy, and the surgical success rates were less than five
percent. From 1902 to 1921 Jules Gonin almost single
handedly changed the landscape of retinal detachment
surgery forever. He recognised that the retinal break was the
cause - and not the consequence as it was largely believed at
the time - of the retinal detachment, and that the treatment
had at all costs to comprise the closure of the break by
cauterisation. He named the procedure ignipuncture , as he
cauterised the retina through the sclera with a very hot
pointed instrument.
Despite rigorously detailed clinical observations and increasing success rates, his
discovery was not readily accepted and sometimes openly opposed by a large part of
the ophthalmic establishment. It was not until 1929 that he received worldwide
acclaim at the International Ophthalmological Congress in Amsterdam for his surgical
technique
1937 - Scleral buckle for retinal
detachment
A. Jess, MD described scleral buckle for
the treatment of retinal detachment
4 scleral depressor rings, each with a different size and
shaped attachment connected to it. Designed by Bengt
Rosengren, Professor of Ophthalmology in Gotberg, Sweden.
These aid in the viewing of the peripheral retinal tears.
1947 indirect binocular ophthalmoscope
vitreous microscissors,
silicone scleral buckling
pioneered the open-sky vitrectomyof Retinopathy Prematurity
1967 FOUNDER THE RETINA SOCIETY
2006 KNGHT OF THE FRENCH LEGION OF HONOR
Charles L. Schepens
1912 – 2006
He attended medical school in Belgium
and was trained in mathematics and
pharmacology. Soon after, he served as a
captain in the Belgian Air Force Medical
Corps and later in the French and Belgian
Resistance during World War II. He was
captured twice by the German Gestapo,
but survived and eventually emigrated to
the United States
After arriving in England, Dr. Schepen
accepted a post as research scholar at
Moorfield Eye Hospital in London. It was
there that he built the first binocular
indirect ophthalmoscope in 1945, which
for the first time allowed surgeons a
hands-free stereoscopic view of the
retina. The prototype of his design was
crafted from scrap metal, glass and other
bits of hardware that he scavenged from
the rubble at Moorfield following the
German blitz
Oleg Pomerantzeff, a biomedical engineer and physicist at the Schepens Eye
Research Institute in Boston who developed several innovative optical
instruments and devices, died last Thursday in Toulouse, France. He was 83
and lived in Brookline, Mass
During his 33 years at the institute, Dr. Pomerantzeff invented an indirect
binocular ophthalmoscope, which advanced retinal surgery by providing a
three-dimensional perspective within the eye
Oleg
Pomerantzeff
1910 - 1993
He also developed devices that provide a 180-degree image of the retina, a
laser scanner that gives a high resolution video image of the interior of the
eye, and a laser used to halt bleeding in retinal blood vessels
Oleg Pomerantzeff was born in St. Petersbourg, Russia in 1910. His father died in 1917 and the
family fled by boat from Batumi to Constantinople in 1921
At the school, he became the lifelong friend of Dr. Charles L. Schepens. He received a grant to study
civil engineering at the University of Louvain in Belgium. As a civil mining engineer he worked in
Yugoslavia and was active in the resistance during World War II. After having been imprisoned by
the gestapo, he could make it to the southern part of France where he continued working for the
underground movement. Some time after the war he left France for Brazil. In 1962, upon invitation
of Dr. Charles Schepens, he joined the Retina Foundation
1949 – advocated
non-drainage segmental scleral buckling
Ernst Custodis
1898-1990
reported on the successful use of
the segmented sclera buckle while
Henricus J.M. Weve demonstrated
the sclera stitch
Ernst Custodis (1898-1990) developed a technique
whereby an episcleral polyvinyl cylinder was
placed on the sclera and using compression
sutures, the choroid was pushed against the
retina. The indentation technique was born!
Lindner resected the sclera to produce a similar
compression. Charles Schepens brought us the use
of a practical binocular indirect ophthalmoscope
that allowed better viewing of the retina
preoperatively and intraoperatively. Schepens
brought us the equatorial band, which, over the
years, has found a significant role in the surgical
repair of retinal detachment. His role as the
mentor of two generations of retinal specialists
cannot be understated. Today's success rate in
repairing detachments is 90% or better
1964 - Cryosurgery for retinal detachment
Drs. Harvey Lincoff and John McLean describe
cryosurgery for the treatment of retinal detachment
Liquid nitrogen cryosurgical probe
Long metal sterilization tube consists of square
platform, vertical tube and clamps for lid. Lid has
thin square handle- cryoprobe screws into top for
steriliztion. Donor file contains detailed description
of instrument and numerous articles written
between 1963 and 1969 about retinal detachment,
intraocular lesions and ocular tumors
German ophthalmologist
Meyer-Schwickerath developed photocoagulation
in the 1950s
Meyer-Schwickerath
1920 - 1992
1965 - Injection of silicone oil for retinal detachment
Cibis demonstrates the injection of silicone oil for
the treatment of retinal detachment
Robert Machemer
1933 - 2009
 1970 - First practical suction vitrectomy instrument
 Robert Machemer, MD demonstrated the first
practical suction vitrectomy instrument for the
treatment of retinal detachment.
Pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous RD was
augmented by three other innovations:
silicone oil by Paul Cibis in 1962
fluid-air exchange by Steven Charles in 1977
Ocutome Fragmatome and perfluorocarbon liquids by
Stanley Chang in 1987
Hilton and Sanderson Grizzard introduced the third major
category of modern retinal reattachment surgery,
pneumatic retinopexy, in 1986
Спасибо за внимание