Transcript Slide 1

Optikai sugázrás hatása az
emberi bőrre és szemre
Optikai sugárzás tartományai
• UV-C
• UV-B
• UV-A
100 – 280 nm
280 – 315 nm
315 – 400 nm
• Látható 380 – 780 nm
• IR-A
• IR-B
• IR-C
780 nm – 1,4 um
1,4 um – 3,0 um
3,0 um – 1 mm
Emberi bőr típusok
Fotobiológiai egység
Minimalis erythem dózis
1 SED is equivalent to an erythemal effective radiant exposure of 100 J⋅m-2 .
“The ambient diurnal exposure on a clear sky summer day in Europe
is approximately 30 SED to 40 SED.”
Erythema
hatásgörbe
UV erythema hatásspektrum,
különböző bőrtípusok esetén
Pontok: fehér-ember bőrbarnulássa, vonal:
egerek fotocarcinogén színképe, nyilak:
becsült emberi carcinogén színkép
Halogén izzós asztali lámpák UV
sugárzása
UV sugárzás veszélyessége a
szemre
Photokeratoconjunctivitis
Photokeratoconjunctivitis. An inflammatory response of
the cornea and conjunctiva following exposure to
ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Wavelengths shorter than 315
nm (UV-B and UV-C) are most effective in causing
photokeratoconjunctivitis. The peak of the action
spectrum is at approximately 270 nm. The BunsenRoscoe (reciprocity) relation holds to about 4 hours.
UV Photocataractogenesis
UV Photocataractogenesis. A clouding (opacification) of
the lens resulting from life-long exposure to excessive
ultraviolet radiant energy incident upon the lens.
Wavelengths between 295 nm and 325 nm have been
identified as the most hazardous, but some laboratory
in vitro evidence exists for cataractogenesis at longer
wavelengths in the UV-A spectral region.
UV Erythema and Delayed Effects
UV Erythema and Delayed Effects upon the
Skin. Erythema (reddening of the skin), or
"sunburn," is produced as an acute effect of
overexposure to UV radiation, with UV-C
radiation producing the most severe effects.
The Bunsen-Roscoe relation holds to 4-5
hours.
Blue Light Photoretinitis
Blue Light Photoretinitis. A photochemically induced retinal
injury resulting from radiation exposure at wavelengths
primarily between 400 nm and 500 nm. This damage
mechanism dominates over retinal thermal injury for times
exceeding approximately 10 seconds and is responsible for
solar eclipse retinal injury. Eye movements limit retinal
exposures, and exposure duration greater than 10 000 s is
not considered additive for assessments.
Retinal Thermal Injury
Retinal Thermal Injury ("Retinal Burn").
Retinal injury caused by brief, intense
radiant exposure of the retina from
wavelengths in the Retinal Hazard Region
(approximately 400 nm to 1200-1400 nm;
visible plus IR-A) within which the normal
ocular media transmit optical radiation to
the retina. The maximum assessment time
is taken as 10 s. NOTE: In some cases a
blue-light photoretinitis is also termed a
"retinal burn."
Infrared "Heat" Cataract
Infrared "Heat" Cataract Hazard. A
clouding (opacification) of the lens
resulting from life-long exposure to
excessive near-infrared radiant
energy producing an elevated
temperature of the lens.