Ohpthalmology Quiz - Bon Secours Hospital
Download
Report
Transcript Ohpthalmology Quiz - Bon Secours Hospital
Interactive
Ophthalmology Quiz
Mr Behrooz Golchin
Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon
10 minutes
Section 1
• Case presentations
Section 2
• Spot diagnosis
• Please participate
• Don’t be embarrassed
• Shout out the answers
Section 1
CASE PRESENTATIONS
Case 1
•
•
•
•
•
35 year old man
C/O watery Rt eye
Eye becoming progressively painful
Photophobic
The vision is a little blurred
• O/E VA is 6/12.
• His right eye is
photosensitive.
• The redness is diffuse
but more pronounced
around the cornea.
• The cornea appears a
bit hazy and his pupil is
miosed.
• If you dilate the pupil,
you will notice that the
pupil now has a
scalloped appearance.
• What is the diagnosis?
Anterior Uveitis
• Anterior uveitis refers to inflammation of the
iris and/or ciliary body and
• Usually presents with a painful, red eye.
• Patients often c/o decreased vision and a
watery discharge.
Anterior Uveitis
• Photophobia is 2’ to spasm of inflamed iris
and ciliary muscles.
• Visual acuity varies depending on the severity
of the inflammation.
Anterior Uveitis
• The pupil is often miosed
• if untreated, the pupil margin may adhere to
the lens due to the formation of posterior
synechiae.
Anterior Uveitis
• Corneal precipitates may occur on the
endothelium
• hypopion (pus in the anterior chamber) may
be present in severe cases.
Treatment
• Dilating drops
– relieve ocular discomfort by reducing ciliary muscle
spasm
– prevent the formation of posterior synechiae.
• Topical corticosteroid drops to treat the
inflammation
• Periocular steroid injections or even systemic
corticosteroids may be required in more
severe cases.
Case 2
•
•
•
•
30 y.o lady
5 day Hx of FB sensation and redness Lt eye.
c/o reduced vision and watery
No previous eye Hx
• O/E VA is 6/9
• Mild diffuse conj
injection.
• A whitish area seen
in the pupillary
zone
• What would you do
next?
• Instillation of 2%
fluorescein shows a
branching ulcer on
the lateral side of
the cornea.
• What is the Dx?
Herpes simplex Keratitis
Dendritic ulcer
Confined to epithelium
but deeper tissues
may become involved.
Stained with
fluorescein and rose
bengal
Rx topical aciclovir
Dendritic ulcer
Geographic Epithelial keratitis
Dendritic ulcers coalesce
and enlarge to form this
larger ulcer.
Can occur as a result of
inappropriate steroid use.
Do not treat a red eye with
steroid unless HSK is ruled
out.
Case 3
• A 9 y.o. boy c/o sever itching in both eyes.
• his mother says that he is constantly rubbing
his eyes.
• The eyes water a lot and bright light hurts
them.
• Not sticky, no discharge.
• He is currently on treatment for asthma.
• O/E , his VA is 6/9 in
both eyes
• He is very photophobic.
• His eyelids are red.
• The conjunctiva is
mildly injected.
• His corneas are clear
and do not stain with
fluorescein.
• What do you do next?
• Upon everting his upper
eyelids, you notice
several raised, fleshy
lesions on the
conjunctival surface of
the upper lids.
• What is the diagnosis?
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
• Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
– most commonly occurs in young boys
– often have a history of atopy.
• Symptoms include
– severe, chronic ocular itching
– photophobia,
– blepharospasm,
– mucoid/watery discharge
– blurred vision also occur frequently.
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
• Signs include giant
papillae under the
upper eyelid
• they have a typical
cobblestone
appearance.
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
• Limbitis
• a fleshy, gelatinous ring
around the limbus,
• contains whitish spots
called Trantas dots.
Treatment
• Mild cases respond to:
– topical antihistamines and artificial tear drops
– topical mast cell stabilisers
– oral antihistamines is often required in cases of moderate
severity.
• Severe cases frequently require:
– short courses of topical corticosteroids, such as
fluorometholone or dexamethasone
– intraocular pressure need to be monitored.
• In very severe cases
– topical immunomodulatory drugs, such as cyclosporine or
tacrolimus, may be needed to control the inflammation.
Case 4
• A 32 y.o. female c/o redness and increasing
pain in her left eye x 3/7.
• The eye is painful to touch
• The pain has woken her from sleep over the
last two nights.
• Eye is a little watery but there is no significant
discharge
• visual acuity has not changed.
• O/E VA is 6/6 and her
eyelids are normal.
• large area of redness,
temporal to the cornea.
• The eye is very tender to
touch.
• looking at the eye in natural
daylight, the underlying
sclera has a purplish hue.
• The rest of the examination
is unremarkable.
• What is the likely Dx?
Scleritis
• Scleritis may be either
diffuse or nodular.
• Pain is a prominent
feature.
• Often wakes the patient
from sleep during the
night.
• Visual acuity is often
not affected in the early
stages.
Scleritis
Etiology:
Collagen vascular disease
RA, SLE, gout, syphilis
Complications:
Peripheral ulcerative
keratitis with corneal
perforation
Secondary glaucoma
Scleral melting and
perforation
Exudative retinal
detachment
Treatment
• Scleritis often responds adequately to oral
NSAIDs.
• > 50% of patients with scleritis have an
associated systemic disease.
• They require specialist referral for systemic
workup
• May need potent immunosuppressive therapy.
Section 2
SPOT DIAGNOSIS
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION