Transcript Laboratory Equipment

Laboratory
Equipment
Glassware
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A general term for laboratory equipment
that is made of glass.
Graduated cylinders
 Beakers
 Flasks
 Pipettes
 Thermometers
 Microscope slides
 Petri dishes
 Watch glasses
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Beakers, flasks and graduated cylinders
are containers that hold liquids. These
containers can be made of glass or plastic.
 Generally, you should choose a container
that is only slightly larger than the amount
of liquid you need.
 REMEMBER… The precision of
measurements increases as the
measurements become more detailed.
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Beakers – are cylinders with a spout and a flat
bottom. Spout makes them useful for pouring
liquids.
Flask – has a narrow opening at its top and a
wider base. Can be sealed by placing a stopper
in the opening. Helps prevent liquids from
splashing or giving off noxious fumes.
Graduated cylinder – “graduated” or marked
with a scale for measurement. Used to
accurately measure liquid volume.
Meniscus – the curve of liquid at its surface
when using a graduated cylinder
http://www.uwplatt.edu/chemep/chem/chemscap
e/labdocs/catofp/measurea/volume/gradcyl.htm
Test Tube – narrow glass cylinder that is open
at one end. Can use a stopper to seal the
opening. Used to hold small amount of liquids.
Used to mix, measure, or heat liquids.
 Pipette – tube that is used to move or
transport a measured volume of liquid.
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Dropper/Eyedropper-simplest pipette
Petri Dish – used for growing bacteria on a
solid growth medium that contains nutrients.
 Microscope Slide – piece of glass that is used
to hold a specimen that will be observed using
a compound microscope.
 Watch Glass – a holding container
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Balances
Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
 Balances measure an object’s mass.
 Double-pan Balance – has two pans that
are used to compare the mass of two
objects.
 Triple-beam balance – determines the exact
mass of an object using the positions of the
riders on the scales when the balance
pointer aligns with the zero mark.
 Electronic Balance – determines mass of
an object electronically.
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Time Measuring Equipment
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Stopwatch – used to determine accurate
time. Used for measuring small
increments of time, such as seconds or
fractions of a second.
Optical Instruments
Magnifying Glass
 Microscopes – a device that enables its
user to see enlarged images of small
objects
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 Light
Microscope
 Compound Microscope
 Electron Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
 Scanning-Tunneling Electron Microscope (STM)
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Magnifying Glass
Actually a simple light microscope.
 Has only one lens
 Magnifies objects only a small amount.
 Used to view macroscopic objects (objects
large enough to be seen with unaided eye)
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Compound Microscopes
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Uses two or more lenses to form an enlarged
and focused image of an object.
Allows one to view objects that cannot be seen
with the unaided eye
Has greater magnification capability than a
simple microscope.
Magnification – multiply the power of the ocular
by the power of the objective
ocular – 10X
objective – 40X
10x40 = 400 is the number of times an object
is magnified.
Electron Microscopes
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Create images using streams of electrons
Will see an image generated on a screen
Can magnify up to 500,000 times.
Can see parts of the cell to the position of
atoms.
LIVE ORGANISMS CANNOT BE VIEWED IN
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE! This is
because the specimen must be viewed in a
vacuum.
Three Types
 Transmission
Electron Microscope (TEM)
 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
 Scanning – Tunneling Electron Microscope (STM)
Transmission Electron Microscope
(TEM)
Used to view the interior of an object
 Transmits electron beams through a thin
slice of specimen to produce an image.
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Scanning Electron Microscope
(SEM)
Uses a specimen most often coated in
gold atoms
 Electron beam scans over the surface of
the object, and creates an image
 Can produce three-dimensional images
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Scanning-Tunneling Electron
Microscope (STM)
Can display objects as small as individual
atoms
 Electron current will give a computer
generated image of the specimen
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Other Laboratory Tools
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Ruler – Measures length or distance
Thermometer – measures temperature
Spring Scale – measures weight
Calculators and Computers – organize data and
make graphs.
Bunsen Burner – a source of gas heat
Tongs – used to grasp heated material
Hot Plate – a source of electric heat
Fume Hood – used to contain and safely remove
hazardous gases from the laboratory
Tripod – holds glassware above a Bunsen burner
Wire gauze – usually goes on top of tripod to hold
the glassware being heated.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_equip
ment
Safe Laboratory Procedures
Handling Chemicals
 Using Bunsen Burners
 Laboratory Glassware
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http://www.chem.unl.edu/safety/hslabcon.html