Transcript CARINA_Bergen09

CARINA - Carbon dioxide in the Atlantic Ocean
Data rescue project for deep sea carbon dioxide and nutrients data
Data with an estimated value of > 50 million Euros was rescued
Largest high quality dataset of the entire Atlantic Ocean (188 cruises
with approx. 16.000 stations)
Will allow for improved estimates of
ocean carbon inventory and transport
CarboOcean 2009
Collaborative effort between US
and EUROPE
The CARINA Group
IFM-GEOMAR, Leibniz Institute for Marine Sciences, Marine
Biogeochemistry, Kiel, Germany
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, UNIFOB AS, Bergen,
Norway, also at Departement of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg,
A. Olsen
Göteborg, Sweden
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research,
M.
Bremerhaven, Germany
Hoppema
Departement of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg,
S.
Jutterström Sweden
IFM-GEOMAR, Leibniz Institute for Marine Sciences, Marine
C. Schirnick
Biogeochemistry, Kiel, Germany
University of Groningen, Department of Ocean Ecosystems,
S. van
Groningen, The Netherlands
Heuven
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo, CSIC, Vigo, Spain
A. Velo
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University,
X. Lin
Princeton, NJ, U.S.A.
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National
A. Kozyr
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, U.S.A.
T. Tanhua
IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia,
Norwich, UK
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia,
P. Brown
Norwich, UK
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
E. Falck
E. Jeansson Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, UNIFOB AS, Bergen, Norway
C. Lo
LOCEAN-IPSL, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
Monaco
Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, also at Marine
J. Olafsson
Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo, CSIC, Vigo, Spain
F.F. Perez
Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, U.
D. Pierrot
Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A.
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo, CSIC, Vigo, Spain
A.F. Rios
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA, Seattle, WA,
C.L. Sabine
U.S.A.
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia,
U. Schuster
Norwich, UK
Institut für Umweltphysik,
Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
R. Steinfeldt CarboOcean
2009
Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich,
I. Stendardo
Zürich, Switzerland
M. Alvarez
D.C.E.
Bakker
L.G.
Anderson
N.R. Bates
R.G.J.
Bellerby
J. Blindheim
J.L. Bullister
N. Gruber
M. Ishii
T.
Johannessen
E.P. Jones
J. Köhler
A.
Körtzinger
N. Metzl
A. Murata
S.
Musielewicz
A.M. Omar
K.A. Olsson
M. de la Paz
B. Pfeil
F. Rey
M. Rhein
I. Skjelvan
B. Tilbrook
R.
Wanninkhof
L. Mintrop
D.W.R.
Wallace
R.M. Key
Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg,
Sweden
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, St. George’s, Bermuda
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, UNIFOB AS, Bergen,
Norway, also at Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen,
Norway
Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA, Seattle, WA,
U.S.A.
Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich,
Zürich, Switzerland
Geochemical Research Department, Meteorological Research
Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, also at
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, UNIFOB AS, Bergen,
Norway
Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Leibniz Institute for Marine Sciences, Chemical Oceanography,
Kiel, Germany
LOCEAN-IPSL, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for MarineEarth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA, Seattle, WA,
U.S.A.
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen,
Bergen, Norway
Departement of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, 41296
Göteborg, Sweden M. de la Paz
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo, CSIC, Vigo, Spain
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, UNIFOB AS, Bergen,
Norway
Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, UNIFOB AS, Bergen,
Norway, also at Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen,
Bergen, Norway
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
(CSIRO), Holbart, Tasmania, Australia
Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA,
Miami, FL, U.S.A.
MARIANDA marine analytics and data, Kiel, Germany
IFM-GEOMAR, Leibniz Institute for Marine Sciences, Marine
Biogeochemistry, Kiel, Germany
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University,
Princeton, NJ, U.S.A.
CARINA History
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Started 1999 during a meeting in Delmenhorst
By 2002, ~30 cruises had been collected
The data collection was transferred to CIDAC in 2004
In 2005 CARINA became a CarboOcean activity
Initial meeting in Iceland in June 2006, at this time ~80 cruises collected,
Extension of CARINA to cover Arctic and Southern Oceans. Regional
leaders assigned.
Three CARINA workshops were held during 2007 – 2008.
Development of software and internet tools.
The whole CARINA data collection (individual cruise files and merged
products) were made public available on CDIAC in 2009.
The CARINA project is extensively documented on CDIAC and through
articles in a special issue in ESSD (Earth System Science Data).
CarboOcean 2009
What is CARINA?
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An internally consistent data base available as three data products, one
each for the Arctic Mediterranean Seas, the Atlantic and the Southern
Oceans
CARINA data synthesis project is an international collaborative effort of the
EU IP CARBOOCEAN, and International partners.
It has produced a merged internally consistent data set of open ocean
subsurface measurements for biogeochemical investigations, in particular
studies involving the carbon system
The CARINA database includes data from 188 cruises.
The salinity, oxygen, nutrient, inorganic carbon system and CFC data have
been subject to extensive quality control and adjustments have been
applied when necessary.
All of the individual cruise data files have been made available in WOCE
exchange in a single location along with metadata and references
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CARINA data synthesis and QC
• Assembly and primary QC (precision)
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Common format, common units (pH scale, volumetric to gravimetric etc.)
Flags assigned to data, in cooperation with PI’s, i.e. primary QC
• Secondary QC, (accuracy)
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Concentrations in deep water are compared to identify biases.
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Adjustments are applied to the data
Interpolation of missing data, calculation of 3rd carbon parameter
Three merged data files are produced.
• The link: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/CARINA/Carina_inv.html
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CARINA: a consistent carbonrelevant data base for the
Arctic, Atlantic and Southern
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CARINA; an overview
CARINA Southern Ocean data; Atlantic Ocean sector
CARINA Southern Ocean data; Indian Ocean sector
CARINA Southern Ocean data; Pacific Ocean sector
Overview of the Nordic Seas CARINA data and
salinity
CARINA CFC data in the Nordic Seas
CARINA DIC data in the Nordic Seas
CARINA Alkalinity data in the Nordic Seas
CARINA oxygen data in the Nordic Seas
CARINA nutrient data in the Nordic Seas
CARINA Arctic Ocean data.
CARINA nutrient data in the North Atlantic.
Overview of North Atlantic CARINA data and salinity.
CARINA CFC data in the North Atlantic
.CARINA DIC data in the North Atlantic.
CARINA Alkalinity data in the North Atlantic.
CARINA Oxygen data in the North Atlantic.
Quality control procedures and methods used for the
CARINA data set.
CARINA pH data.
Iceland and Irminger Sea Time Series
Interpolated Oxygen
Velo et al., 2009
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Silicate
Oxygen
Salinity
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The decrease in deep water formation between 1997 and
2003 led to a decrease in the inventory of anthropogenic
carbon in the western North Atlantic
Water column inventory of anthropogenic carbon in 1997 and relative change
between 1997 and 2003. Due to the rising atmospheric CO2, the oceanic Cant
concentration
is expected to increase by 11% between 1997 and 2003.
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Tanhua and Keeling, 2009
Difference in water column inventory of anthropogenic carbon in Labrador Sea
Water, 2003-1997. The bold black line encompasses the deep water formation
area and adjacent regions with a decrease in Cant.
Steinfeldt, R., M. Rhein, J. L. Bullister, and T. Tanhua (2009), Global
Biogeochem. Cycles, 23, GB3010, doi:10.1029/2008GB003311.
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See Poster by Clair Lo Monaco
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eMLR along Prime Meridian
ΔDIC92-08 (µmol kg-1)
Bottom water masses: low values - close to the uncertainty of the method
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Hauck et al., JGR, in press
Olafson et al., 2009
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Lessons learned and the way forward
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CARINA benefited from, and impoved upon the GLODAP project.
Availability of Certified Reference Materials very important for qualtiy.
Complete data records were not retained with the data for many cruises. By
the time the data were released for inclusion in this data product many of
the people who had made the measurements were no longer working in the
field
Timely data reporting ensures that sufficient metadata can still be obtained
if it is not originally provided.
Timely reporting of data essential for the common effort of Global Synthesis
and detecting decadal changes etc.
CarboOcean 2009
Aim:
to publish data according to the conventional fashion
of publishing articles, applying the established principles
quality
assessment
Suggestion fromofthe
editors
of ESSD:through peer-review to datasets.
Goal:
•Publish high quality data from interior ocean
make datasets a reliable resource to build upon and
observations (including carbon observations).
to reward the authors by establishing priority and
•Collect these in an annual special issue in ESSD
recognition through the impact of their articles.
CarboOcean 2009
The data sets:
•are at least plausible and contain no detectable
problems;
•are of sufficiently high quality and their limitations are
clearly stated;
•are open accessible (toll free), well annotated by
standard metadata and available from a certified data
center/repository;
•are customary with regard to their format(s) and/or
access protocol, however not proprietary ones (e.g.,
Open Geospatial Consortium standards), expected to
be useable for the foreseeable future.