Transcript Rise of Communism - codegaapwh / AP World History

RISE OF COMMUNISM
Russia
ROAD TO THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Nicholas II tries to hold on to an autocracy
One guy in charge
1905 – Bloody Sunday
Workers protest for better working conditions
and a national legislature.
Russian troops start shooting people
Hundreds killed
Nick II has no choice but to agree to legislature
called the Duma (gets rid of it after 10 weeks)
Gives Russian people a taste of liberty
1914 – Russia enters
WWI
9 million casualties
Nick II moves to the
Eastern Front to keep an
eye on things.
 Leaves his wife at home to
run the government.
 She is influenced by Rasputin
and people think he is calling
the shots.
 Makes rich Russians mad
 They end up killing him -eventually
March 1917
Nick II
realizes its
over
Quits as Czar
July 1918
Lenin orders
their murder.
Bolsheviks take over and a civil war
breaks out (1918-1923)
Communism vs. Moderates
Red Army (Bolsheviks) Vs. White Army
(everyone else)
Results in another 14,000,000 deaths
Fighting, hunger, flu
The Red Army wins and Russia
becomes a Communist Country.
COMMUNIST RUSSIA
Once they win the
Civil War Lenin is
now the dictator
of the USSR
Starts reorganizing
Russia based on the
principles of
Marxism
Rules until his death
in 1924
Stalin
Vs
Trotsky
STALIN WINS
Emphasized
industrialization
& strengthening
agriculture
USSR is not as
advanced as
the west
FIVE YEAR PLANS
Goal = modernize Soviet Union
Increase agriculture & industry
Stalin saw Russia as 150 years behind
Collectivization
Forced and led to disaster
Man-made famine in Ukraine
USSR didn’t meet most of the goals
Still a HUGE step towards full
industrialization
Kharkiv1932
China
RISE OF COMMUNISM
BEGINNINGS OF COMMUNISM
Qing (Manchu’s) overthrown
(1911)
Nationalist Party comes to
power
Civil War between local
warlords
Bad for peasants
CHINESE ROLE IN WWI
The Chinese declared war on Germany
Hoped Allies would reward them
INSTEAD - the Treaty of Versailles gave
Japan the rights to Shandong Province
May 4th Movement (1919)
 National protests against weak Chinese Response to ToV
THE RISE OF COMMUNISM
1921 – officially establish
the Chinese Communist
Party (CCP)
Nationalists vs. Communist
THE CHINESE STRUGGLE
Two forces
1. Nationalist movement to push the
foreign merchants and capitalists out
2. A strong worker/peasant movement
to liberate the people from oppression
by their own leaders and business
people
CIVIL WAR
1930 – Nationalists vs. Communists.
The Long March
Mao and followers chased– 9000 km and 90 % of
people died – survivors form the core of
Communist revolution
Meanwhile… Japan invades China from North
foreign attack forced the Nationalists and
Communists to unite to save China
Mao Zedong-1947
CONTAINMENT AFTER WWII
US policy of containment – stop spread of
communism
Communist (Mao) drove Nationalist (Chiang) to
Taiwan in 1949
Declared founding of PRC (People’s Republic of
China)
“Two Chinas”
PRC was NOT recognized by UN until 1972
RULE BY MAO ZEDONG
PRC evolves in 2 phases:
1. The Soviet Model (19491957)
Land reform
Civil reform
5 Year Plan
2. Great Leap Forward
(1958-1963)
THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD (1958-1963)
Five year plan to modernize China
In order to increase industrial output, agricultural
output must increase to provide food for export
This leads to famine due to irresponsible farming
techniques
Also, this was a period of drought and floods
20 million + die
Unloading Docks by Hand
Backyard Steel Production
The Four Pests Campaign
ECOLOGICAL CRISIS
This campaign was intended to create a hygienic
China
Killed rats, mosquitos, flies, and sparrows
Fallout
Sparrows ate rice seeds, but also insects that
reduced crop production
Upset the ecological balance, lower crop
production
CULTURAL REVOLUTION
Mao unhappy with market-oriented policies
Cultural Revolution (60’s & 70’s) – political,
social, economic change
Remove “Old China”
Scholars sent to the fields to work
Universities & libraries were destroyed
Elementary education
“All people should be able to read and write”
MAO VS. LENIN
Mao
Based on Marxism
Lenin
Based on Marxism
Political, economic & social
equality
Political, economic & social
equality
Increased industrialization &
agriculture
Power lies with the peasants
Increased industrialization &
agriculture
Power lies with the urban working
class
TOTALITARIANISM
WHAT IS IT?
A government that takes total, centralized,
state control over every aspect of public
AND private life.
People give up liberty for a sense of security.
Need a dynamic leader to pull it off
Stalin
Mao
Hitler
WHAT YOU NEED TO MAKE A TOTALITARIAN STATE
WORK
1. Police Terror




Violence and terror
keep people in line.
The secret police
ENFORCE policy NOT
protect citizens and
catch criminals.
Spy on citizens
May beat or even
murder people
2. Indoctrination
 Instruction in
government beliefs
 Glorify the leader
 And his ideas
 Begins with the
young
 Schools are key
 Ex Hitler Youth
3. Propaganda and
Censorship
 Used to sway people
 Must have control of ALL media
to make it work.
 The goal  present false
information as the truth.
 Anyone who tries to call the
government out must be dealt
with harshly
 prison or a bullet
4. Persecution
Usually ethnic or
religious
You need someone to
blame when things go
wrong.
Need to be
identifiable
Live in certain places
Follow “special” laws
Police Terror
Persecution
Indoctrination
Propaganda
CASE STUDY- STALINIST RUSSIA
The KGB (secret police)
Kept tabs on EVERYONE
 Tap phones, read mail,
random arrests and
interrogations/ forced
confessions.
 Arrest LOTS
 send them to the gulag
(labor camp)
 Or shoot them
Vasili Blokhin (KGB
Executioner)
•Once shot 7,000 Polish
prisoners in 28 Days
Nikolai Yezhov
(head of the KGB in the 1930’s)
Propaganda and Censorship
 Stalin’s government controlled:
 Newspapers, movies, radio, and other sources of info.
 All Stalin, all the time
 Everything was a success, all policies were great, Stalin was awesome, etc,
etc, etc…
Education & Indoctrination
 The communist party controlled ALL
schools
 from preschool to college
 Get the Party message for a LONG time.
 ANY teacher or professor who
challenged the Party view was
arrested.
 Ex. – Stalin wasn’t in St. Petersburg for the
start of the October Revolution(true by the
way)?
 OFF TO THE GULAG
 10 – 15 years.
Communists don’t like
religion
“Opiate of the masses”
Russian Orthodox
church pegged as the
“bad guy”.
Stalin especially hated
churches – many torn
down during is regime
STALIN AND THE ECONOMY
Stalin saw that Russia was behind the rest of the world
 Wanted to catch up quick
 His solution was a COMMAND ECONOMY
 Government makes all of the economic decisions.
Stalin’s idea  Five Year Plans
 Set impossible goals for industrialization
 Two ways to reach the goals
1. Don’t make as many consumer goods
2. Lie about the figures.
 In the end it worked (sort of)
 Production increased but numbers not met
STALIN AND AGRICULTURE
1928
Stalin decides to collectivize farms
No individual property – big government farms
Ended up having to force people off the land
Also had to force people on to the land
Produce more but it is mismanaged from the start
Widespread famine (food shortage)
Results in the death of 5 – 10 million people.
IN-CLASS PROJECT (3-4 PER GROUP)
1. Write our leaders “myth” (extended writing)
 Humble Beginnings, Triumph over Adversity, Victory
2. Who is the “Enemy of the State” (extended writing)?
3. How is the leader to be celebrated (extended writing)?
4. Goals for the communist state (20 Minimum – bullets are fine)
 How will it be achieved?
5. Flag of the State (large posters)
6. Propaganda poster of our leader (large poster)
7. Poster of what the ideal society will look like (extended writing or
large poster)