Transcript Rise of Communism

SPEECH ON THE SEVENTIETH BIRTHDAY OF STALIN (21
DECEMBER 1949) – MAO ZEDONG
“Stalin is our greatest father and teacher. In the
name of Chinese people and Chinese Communist
Party, we celebrate comrade Stalin's seventy
birthday. May he be in the best health and live a
long life! Leader of both the world's working class
and Communist Internationale — Ten thousand
years of life to Stalin!”
RISE OF COMMUNISM
Russia
ROAD TO THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
• Nicholas II tries to hold on to an autocracy
• One guy in charge
• 1905 – Bloody Sunday
• 200,000 people march in St. Petersburg
• Better working conditions and a national legislature.
• Russian troops start shooting people
• Hundreds killed, 1,000+ wounded = riots
• Nick II has no choice but to agree to legislature
• called the Duma (gets rid of it after 10 weeks)
• Gives Russian people a taste of liberty
• 1914 – Russia enters WWI
• 9 million casualties
• Nick II moves to the Eastern
Front to keep an eye on
things.
• Leaves his wife at home to
run the government.
• She is influenced by Rasputin
and people think he is calling
the shots.
• Makes rich Russians mad
• They end up killing him -eventually
• March 1917
• Nick II realizes its
over
• Quits as Czar
• July 1918 Lenin
orchestrates the
murder of the entire
family.
• Bolsheviks take over and a civil war breaks
out (1918-1923)
• Due to controversy over governing
philosophy (Communism vs. Moderates)
• Red Army (Bolsheviks) Vs. White Army
(everyone else)
• Results in another 14,000,000 deaths
• Fighting, hunger, flu
• The Red Army wins and Russia becomes a
Communist Country.
STALIN
• Emphasized
industrialization &
strengthening
agriculture
• 1930’s – Russia
isolated from the
West
FIVE YEAR PLANS
• Goal = modernize Soviet Union
• Increase agriculture & industry
• Stalin saw Russia as 150 years behind
• Collectivization
• Forced and led to disaster
• Man-made famine in Ukraine
• Kurkuls resisted collectivist farms as they saw it as a return to serfdom
• Cruel but a victory for communists
• USSR didn’t meet most of the goals
• Still a HUGE step towards full industrialization
Kharkiv-1932
RISE OF COMMUNISM
China
BEGINNINGS OF COMMUNISM
• Qing (Manchu’s) overthrown
(1911)
• Nationalist Party comes to power
• Civil War – Warlords
• Bad for peasants
CHINESE ROLE IN WWI
• The Chinese declared war on Germany
• Hoped Allies would reward them by giving
China back to the Chinese
• INSTEAD - the Treaty of Versailles gave Japan
the rights to Shandong Province
• May 4th Movement (1919)
• National protests against weak Chinese Response to ToV
THE RISE OF COMMUNISM
•1921 – officially establish the
Chinese Communist Party
(CCP)
•Nationalists vs. Communist
THE CHINESE STRUGGLE
• Two forces
1. Nationalist movement to push the
foreign merchants and capitalists out
2. A strong worker/peasant movement to
liberate the people from oppression by
their own leaders and business people
CIVIL WAR
• 1930 – Nationalists vs. Communists.
• The Long March
• Mao and followers chased– 9000 km and 90 % of people
died – survivors led revolution
• Meanwhile… Japan invades China from North
• foreign attack forced the Nationalists and Communists to
unite to save China
Mao Zedong-1947
CONTAINMENT AFTER WWII
• US policy of containment – stop spread of
communism
• Communist (Mao) drove Nationalist (Chiang) to
Taiwan in 1949
• Declared founding of PRC (People’s Republic of
China)
• “Two Chinas”
• PRC was NOT recognized by UN until 1972
RULE BY MAO ZEDONG
• PRC evolves in 2 phases:
• 1. The Soviet Model
(1949-1957)
• Land reform
• Civil reform
• 5 Year Plan
• 2. Great Leap Forward
(1958-1963)
THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD (1958-1963)
• Five year plan to modernize China
• Mao, after touring China felt they we capable of producing more
• In order to increase industrial output, agricultural output must
increase to provide food
• This leads to famine due to irresponsible farming techniques
• Also, this was a period of drought and floods
• Machines were unreliable, as they were constructed quickly
• Fails, ~20 million die
Unloading Docks by Hand
Backyard Steel Production
The Four Pests Campaign
ECOLOGICAL CRISIS
• This campaign was intended to create a hygienic China
• Killed rats, mosquitos, flies, and sparrows
• Fallout
• Sparrows ate rice seeds, but also insects that
reduced crop production
• Upset the ecological balance, lower crop production
CULTURAL REVOLUTION
• Mao unhappy with market-oriented policies
• Cultural Revolution (60’s & 70’s) – political,
social, economic change
• Remove “Old China”
• Scholars sent to the fields to work
• Universities & libraries were destroyed
• Elementary education
• “All people should be able to read and write”
MAO VS. LENIN
Mao
Lenin
•
Based on Marxism
•
Based on Marxism
•
Political, economic & social equality
•
Political, economic & social equality
•
Increased industrialization & agriculture
•
Increased industrialization & agriculture
•
Power lies with the peasants
•
Power lies with the urban working class
TOTALITARIANISM
WHAT IS IT?
• A government that takes total, centralized,
state control over every aspect of public
AND private life.
• People give up liberty for a sense of security.
• Need a dynamic leader to pull it off
• Stalin
• Mao
• Hitler
WHAT YOU NEED TO MAKE A TOTALITARIAN
STATE WORK
1. Police Terror
•
Violence and terror
keep people in line.
•
The secret police
ENFORCE policy NOT
protect citizens and
catch criminals.
•
Spy on citizens
•
May beat or even
murder people
2. Indoctrination
• Instruction in
government beliefs
• Glorify the leader
• And his ideas
• Begins with the
young
• Schools are key
• Ex Hitler Youth
3. Propaganda and
Censorship
• Used to sway people
• Must have control of ALL
media to make it work.
• The goal  present false
information as the truth.
• Anyone who tries to call the
government out must be
dealt with harshly
• prison or a bullet
4. Persecution
• Usually ethnic or
religious
• You need someone
to blame when
things go wrong.
• Need to be
identifiable
• Live in certain
places
• Follow “special” laws
Police Terror
Persecution
Indoctrination
Propaganda
CASE STUDY- STALINIST RUSSIA
• The KGB (secret police)
• Kept tabs on
EVERYONE
• Tap phones, read mail,
random arrests and
interrogations/ forced
confessions.
• Arrest LOTS
• send them to the
gulag (labor camp)
• Or shoot them
Vasili Blokhin (KGB Executioner)
•Once shot 7,000 Polish prisoners in 28
Days
Nikolai Yezhov (head of the KGB in the 1930’s
• Propaganda and Censorship
• Stalin’s government controlled:
• Newspapers, movies, radio, and other sources of info.
• All Stalin, all the time
• Everything was a success, all policies were great, Stalin was awesome,
etc, etc, etc…
•
Education & Indoctrination
• The communist party controlled
ALL schools
• from preschool to college
• Get the Party message for a LONG
time.
• ANY teacher or professor who
challenged the Party view was
arrested.
• Ex. – Stalin wasn’t in St. Petersburg
for the start of the October
Revolution(true by the way)?
• OFF TO THE GULAG
• 10 – 15 years.
• Communists don’t like
religion
• “Opiate of the masses”
• Russian Orthodox
church pegged as the
“bad guy”.
• Stalin especially hated
churches – many torn
down during is regime
STALIN AND THE ECONOMY
• Stalin saw that Russia was behind the rest of the world
• Wanted to catch up quick
• His solution was a COMMAND ECONOMY
• Government makes all of the economic decisions.
• Stalin’s idea  Five Year Plans
• Set impossible goals for industrialization
• Two ways to reach the goals
1. Don’t make as many consumer goods
2. Lie about the figures.
• In the end it worked (sort of)
STALIN AND AGRICULTURE
• 1928
• Stalin decides to collectivize farms
• No individual property – big government farms
• Ended up having to force people off the land
• Also had to force people on to the land
• Produce more but it is mismanaged from the start
• Widespread famine (food shortage)
• Results in the death of 5 – 10 million people.
IN-CLASS PROJECT (3-4 PER GROUP)
1.
Write our leaders “myth”
•
Humble Beginnings, Triumph over Adversity, Victory
2.
Who is the “Enemy of the State”?
3.
How is the leader to be celebrated?
4.
Goals for the communist state (20 Minimum)
•
How will it be achieved?
5.
Flag of the State
6.
Poster of our leader
7.
Poster of what the ideal society will look like