Transcript Rise of Stalin - Harrison High School

By: Mary Waldman, Reed Clements, Kayla Rankins, Caroline Scott, and Paige Dilday
Rise of Stalin
By: Reed Clements
Rise of Stalin
Process,characteristics,
personality, tactics(secret
police, indocrtination,
propaganda, censorship,
religion, persecution, great
purge, labor camps)
Personality & Background
• Cold, hard and impersonal
• A lonely man (married twice,
one died, one killed herself)
• A fierce debater, and clever
speaker
• In his early days as a Bolshevik,
he changed his name to Stalin,
meaning “man of steel”
• As a teen, he attended the
theological seminary, and
prepared for the ministry
Personality & Background cont.
• Was apart of the
underground revolutionary
Marxist movement in
Tpilisi, Georgia; devoted to
the views of Karl Marx
• 1902- he was arrested,
imprisoned, and exiled to
Siberia
• The secret police arrested
him several times, but he
escaped
Rise
• Before Lenin, Stalin was the
senior Bolshevik, and editor of
Pravda, the party newspaper
• After Lenin’s return, Stalin
remained in the high council,
but had a small role
• he rose to the highest ranks,
becoming a member of both
the Political Bureau and the
Organizational Bureau
Rise cont.
• The strength of Stalin's position in the
government and in the party gave him control
over party personnel administration
• After Lenin’s death Stalin served as a member of
the three-man committee that ran the affairs of
the party and the country
• Stalin wanted to stay true to the ideas of the
revolution
• 1927- Stalin succeeded in defeating the entire
opposition
• By the early 1930’s, Stalin gained total control
over the party, state, and the entire Communist
International.
secret police
• Stalin built a police state to
maintain power
• They monitored telephone lines,
read mail, & planted informers
everywhere
• Children told authorities about
remarks from home
• The secret police arrested and
executed millions of “traitors”
great purge
• A campaign of terror directed at
eliminating anyone who
threatened his power
• Thousands of Bolsheviks who
helped stage the revolutions
stood trial
• They where executed or sent to
labor camps for “crimes against
the Soviet state”
• When the Great Purge ended,
Stalin had gained control of the
Soviet Government and
Communist Party
labor camps
• Housed convicts, petty criminals, and political
prisoners
• Major instrument of political repression
• In 1940, there were 53 separate camps and
423 labor colonies in the USSR
Labor Camps cont.
• “Gulag”- Chief Administration of Corrective
Labour Camps and Colonies, in Russian
Glavnoye Upravlyeniye ispravityel'no-trudovih
lagyeryey i koloniy
Kill Tally
•
•
•
•
Approximately 20 million killed
Up to 14.5 million starved to death
1 million executed for political “offences”
9.5 million deported, exiled or imprisoned in
work camps
Kill Tally
• Estimated five million sent to the ‘Gulag
Archipelago’ who never returned
• The total coming out at 28 million deported
including 18 million sent to ‘Gulag’
Indoctrination
• An instruction of the
governments beliefs
• Control of education from
nursery through universities
• Learning of communist
virtues
• Professors or students who
questioned the communist’s
interpretations lost jobs, or
where imprisoned
Indoctrination cont.
• Leaders in the Soviet Union lectured workers
and peasants
• Stressed importance of hard work and
sacrifice
Propaganda and Censorship
• Stalin’s government
controlled all newspapers,
motion pictures, radio, and
other information sources
• Many Soviet writers,
composers and other artists
fell victim to official
censorship
• Stalin would not tolerate
individual creativity
Propaganda and censorship cont.
• Soviet newspapers and radio broadcasts to
glorify the achievements of communism &
Stalin
• Under Stalin, the arts where used for
propaganda
Religion and Persecution
• Communists aimed to
replace religious teachings
with the ideals of
communism
• Stalin, and the League of the
Militant Godless, and un
official sponsored group of
atheists, spread propaganda
attacking religion
Religion and Persecution cont.
• Many people still clung to their faiths
• The Russian Orthodox Church was the main
target of persecution
• Achieving the perfect communist state came
at the cost of the Soviet citizens
• Stalin’s total control eliminated personal rights
and freedoms
Characteristics of
Totalitarianism
By: Mary Waldman
Characteristics of
Totalitarianism
A form of government
in which the national
government takes
control of all
aspects of both the
public and private
life
State
control of
Individuals
Demands Loyalty
 Denies basic liberties
 Expects personal sacrifice
for the good of the state
s of
Enforc
ement
 Police
Terror

Indoctrination
Censorship
 Persecution
Modern
Technol
ogy
 Mass
communicati
on to spread
propaganda
 Advanced
Military
weapons
State Control
of Society
 Business
 Labor
 Housing
 Education
 Religion
 The arts
 Personal
life
 Youth
Groups
Dictator ship
and One-Party
Rule
 Exercises
absolute
authority
 Dominates
the
Government
Dynamic
Leader
 Unites
people
 Symbolizes
government

Encourages
popular
support
through
force of will
Ideology
 Sets goals
of the state
 Glorifies
aims of the
state
Justifies
government
actions
Stalin’S
Economic Plans
By: Caroline Scott
Stalin’s Economic
Plans
While Stalin was gaining control of society,
he also started to put his plans in motion to
repair the economy.
“We are fifty or a hundred yearS behind the advanced
countrieS. We muSt make good thiS diStance in ten yearS.”
-Joseph Stalin
Command Economy
• 1928- Stalin calls for a
command economy.
• A command economy is a
system in which the
government made all
economic decisions.
• Political leaders in the
State Planning Commission
would determine the
economic needs and decide
how to accomplish them.
• These leaders would then
issue instructions or
commands to the
factories farms or
businesses
Five-Year Plan
• The Five-Year
Plans were set
targets or goals
that the industry
or agriculture
had to achieve.
• These plans set
impossibly high
quotas to
increase the out
put of production
on things like coal
and steel.
Five-Year Plans
• Since most of the
targets fell short,
another Five-Year
Plan was launched in
1933 which was just as
successful as the
first.
• Due to these plans the
steel production
increased 25% from
1928 to 1937.
Collective Farms
• In 1928, the government
began to take over 25
million privately owned
farms in the USSR.
• The farms were then
combined into large
government owned farms.
• Collectives were families
that worked on the farms
produced food for the
state.
• The government believed
that the modern machinery
would reduce the need for
workers and boost the
production of food.
Collective Farms: Resistance
• Resistance was strong
among many groups
but most off all in the
kulaks (meaning fist in
Russian), a wealthy
peasant class.
• Unfortunately the
Soviet government
decided to eliminate
the resistance
problems by either
execution, exile,
Collective Farms: Resistance
• The Soviet secret
police would herd
people on to the
farms at the point of
a bayonet.
• 5-10 million people
died as a result of the
agricultural
revolution.
• In 1938 more than 90%
of peasants lived on
collective farms.
Daily Life under
Stalin
By: Kayla Rankins
Towns/ Cities Under Stalin
•
Everyone no matter who
or where they were
knew that Stalin was
the leader
• walls, hoardings, whole
buildings were covered
with huge portraits of
his face.
• Every shop window
displayed his bus
• offices, factories and
even in private homes,
'red corners' containing
busts of Lenin and Stalin
were set up
Towns/ Cities Under Stalin
continued……
• Towns and cities, rivers
and canals, schools and
hospitals, mountains
and lakes, were named
after him.
• Towns and cities, rivers
and canals, schools and
hospitals, mountains
and lakes, were named
after him.
• Films, plays, poems,
stories and novels
celebrated every
detail of his life.
Living Conditions
• Generally living
standards rose in the
1930’S
• Health care expanded
• Housing remained a
great problem
• Only about 6% of
houses had more than
one room
• It was not unusual for
houses to be built
without electrical
socket even though
electricity was
available
Women Rights
• Women's roles
greatly expanded
under the rule of
Stalin
• women now had the
same rights as me
• Universal access to
quality education
and health care
Religion
• Church leaders were
arrested and churches
physically shut down
• Worship of Stalin was
encouraged but religious
worship was strongly
discouraged
• Christian churches and
25,000 mosques were
closed down and converted
into clubs, cinemas,
schools, and warehouses
• Church bells were
removed and melted down
as scrap metal
Free Time
• Leisure for the
average Russian
person was based
around sports
and fitness
• Exercising and
being physically
fit was highly
encouraged
Culture
•
The Communist Party
kept a strict watch on
the Soviet Union's
creative artists.
• Its writers, painters,
composers, etc were to
make sure that they
supported the Party
and the government
• All writers had to
belong to the Union of
Soviet Writers, and
members were expected
to follow a policy of
'socialist realism' in
their writings.
Education
• However, under
Stalin's rule, school
life and education
became stricter
once more.
• Report cards and
test marks, which
had been abolished
in the 1920s, were
reintroduced
• School uniforms
were restored including compulsory
pigtails for girls.
German peace treaty
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
German foreign minister Joachim von
Ribbentrop arrived in Moscow in
August 1939
As the German attacks on Russia
approached they waned to make
sure they had the Russians on their
sides. they offered the Balkin
states and trade agreements
On September 17 right before Poland
surrendered to Hitler Russia
attacked form the east
On December 1939 Stalin assured
hither the treaty WaS “cemented in
blood”
but even With thiS “treaty” Germany
still attacked Russia in June 1941
Resenting this Stalin still trusted
Hitler and in the affect Hitler's
onsight almost destroyed Stalin's
regime
On December 1939 Stalin assured
hitler the treaty WaS “cemented in
blood”
Hitler attacks Russia
• But even with this
“treaty” germany Still
attacked Russia in June
1941
• Resenting this Stalin
still trusted Hitler but
Hitler still almost
destroyed Stalin's
regime
• With in one week of the
invasions 150,000 soviet
soldiers were killed
• 1 million soldiers were
drafted (soviet) to
protect Kiev
Hitler attacks Russia Cont.
• BUT the city fell and
600,000 soldiers died
• By October over 3million
soviet soldiers were
prisoners of war
• To prevent soldiers from
“running” Stalin arranged
a Special force called “
blocking detachmentS” to
shoot all runners who
tried to leave the
battles
• Nazis ruled all the
country's taken from the
war
• Starvation was wide
spread
Hitler attacks Russia Cont.
• In spring of 1942 Hitler
launched the battle of
Stalingrad
• More than 1,000 tons of
bombs were dropped on
the city but Stalin still
would not evacuate the
city
• The average life
expectancy of a soldier
in this battle was 24
hours or less
• Most did not have guns so
fighting was hand to hand
contact
• By the end of the siege one
million soviet soldiers
had died
Hitler attacks Russia Cont.
• By the end of the siege one
million soviet soldiers
had died
• In the spring of 1944 the
soviet invasion of
Germany was a possibility
By Driving the Germans
out of Russia.
• In the summer of 1944
Stalin's operation
Bagratiob in Belorussa
eliminated 3 times as many
German army divisions
then the allied powers did
• The final victory for the
USSR came in 1945 when
they raised their flag in
Berlin
Multiple Choice
1. What happened to professors or
students who questioned the
communist interruptions?
A)Beheaded
B) Imprisoned
C) Thrown out
D) All of the above
multiple choice continued….
2. Who is the creator of the FiveYear Plan?
A)Mao Zedong
B) Vladimir Lenin
C) Joseph Stalin
D) Paige Dilday
Multiple Choice Continued…
3. In what year did Germany invade Russia?
A)1947
B)1777
C ) 1941
D)1854
multiple choice continued…
4. How many people died in the Battle
of Stalingrad?
A)100 Million
B)500 Thousand
C)30 and a half
D)1 Million
multiple choice continued…
5. What year did Stalin call for a
command economy?
A)1896
B)1928
C)1547
D)2157
Short Answer
1. What is Totalitarianism?
• Government control over every
aspect of public and private life
Short Answer
2. What effects did it have on Russia's
citizens?
• They were limited to their freedom
because everything was
controlled by the government.
Short Answer
3. What was Religion like under
Stalin's Rule?
• Churches and mosques were closed
down and converted into clubs,
cinemas, schools, and warehouses