Transcript Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany
1933 - 1945
By Mr Osborne
www.SchoolHistory.co.uk
The use of Terror
• The SS
– an elite group of committed Nazis, used to
eliminate the SA in June 1934
– charged with internal security
– guarded concentration camps
– hunted political enemies
– commanded by Heinrich Himmler
The use of Terror
• The Gestapo
– The secret state police. Used to suppress
hostility to the regime at home and in
occupied territories.
– Commanded by Himmler
The use of Terror
• Concentration Camps
– run by the SS to detain enemies of the
state
– Dachau 1933
– Prisoners Jews, political, priests, antisocials
– By 1939 six camps were operating.
– Extermination Camps Auschwitz-Birkenau
Role of Propaganda
• The Press
– all non Nazi newspapers and magazines
were taken over or closed
– all content was strictly controlled
Radio
All stations under state control. Cheap mass
produced radios sold. Sets installed in cafes and
factories. All Hitlers speeches broadcast.
Role of Propaganda
• Films : Over 100 000 made all approved
by Goebbels. All films given a pro Nazi
stance
Ministry for Public Propaganda
and
Enlightenment
Role of Propaganda
Joseph
Goebbels
• Rallies and Campaigns
– Annual rally at Nuremburg
– 1936 Olympic Games, used as propaganda
– Local rallies and fund raising led by the
Hitler Youth and local party organisations
– Posters used to promote Nazi ideals
Role of Propaganda
• Books and Art
– writers, and composers persuaded or
forced to produce works in praise of Hitler
– Books written by Jews, Communists etc
were banned and many destroyed in public
book burning in 1933
– Jazz music banned because of its black
origins
Religion
Nazi Part Attitudes
Claimed to approve
of Christianity and
offer religious
freedom. In fact
attacked Churches
and religious sects
Protestant Churches: 1933
attempt by Hitler to gain
control and establish a Reich
Church. Reich Church was
anti-Christian and promoted
Nazism.
Confessional Church founded
in defiance of Nazis
Catholic Church : Concordat 1933 in theory allowed
Catholic Church to operate freely in return for an oath of
loyalty. 1937 after a steady erosion of its influence Pope
condemns Nazi’s. Never take a stand on Jewish persecutions
Persecution of the Jews
• Hitler blamed the Jews for
–Treaty of Versailles
–Inflation 1923
–Economic collapse 1929 -32
Persecution of the Jews
• 1933 - Unsuccessful boycott of Jewish
shops
• Jews excluded from Government jobs
• Thousands of professional Jewish
people were dismissed from jobs
• 1934 - Jews banned from public places,
parks, swimming pools etc.
Persecution of the Jews
• 1935 - The Nuremburg Laws 15
September
• 1 - The Reich Law on citizenship only those of German blood can be
citizens, and have the right to vote.
• 2- Law for the protection of
German Blood and Honour - forbids
marriage or sexual relations between
Jews and German citizens
Persecution of the Jews
• 1936 - 37
– The professional activity of Jews is banned
or restricted - includes vets, doctors,
dentists, accountants, teachers and nurses
– 1938 Qualifications of Jewish doctors is
cancelled
Persecution of the Jews
• 1938 - Riechkristalnacht 9th November
– Following the murder of a German
diplomat in Paris by a Jew a campaign is
started which last 3 days and targets
Jewish shops, homes and synagogues. 90
killed 20 000 arrested and sent to
concentration camps
– Jewish children excluded form schools and
Universities
Persecution of the Jews
• 1939 - Jews no longer allowed to run
businesses and shops
– forbidden to own radios and to buy cakes
and chocolate
– 1940 - 42 Jews deported from Germany
Jews in occupied territories moved into
ghettos and used as slave labour. Special
SS groups formed to deal with the Jews.
Gassing in vans starts
Persecution of the Jews
• The Wannsee Conference Jan 1942
• Decision taken by Nazi leaders led by
Heydrich meet to discuss the final
solution
• Decision to evacuate all Jews to
extermination camps in Poland is taken
• Over 4.5 million Jews killed in death
camps
Persecution of minorities
• Homosexuals, Gypsies and other undesirables sent to
concentration camps
• Mentally ill sent to concentration camps
• The Euthanasia programme
– people judged worthless to the regime were killed.
– 5,000 children 71, 000 adults
– Stopped in 1941 after protest from Pope
– Forced Sterilisation programme to prevent
contamination of the Aryan race