Transcript Cultural Frames-Schema-Beneficence-Audism

CULTURAL FRAMES:
SCHEMAS, BENEFICENCE & AUDISM
Chapter 5
Do you remember this question from the Study
Guide for Chapter 3 about “cultural frames?”
Restaurant Cultural Schema:
EACH SITUATION HAS A CERTAIN…(SCRIPT)
Schema: perceived framework of expectations based on personal
experiences, routine, and cultural background knowledge
(organizes our observations, forms impressions, makes predictions,
determines our expectations/interactions/reactions)
CONSTRUCTS
RESTAURANT
FAST FOOD
CAFETERIA
HOME TV
(pre-existing concepts about people’s motives)
-menu provided
-glasses (not paper cups) of beverage refilled
-given bill at the end of the meal
-expected to give a tip (of a certain percent)
-customers dress appropriately
-staff wears uniform
-don’t enter kitchen / service counter area
Other examples of schema include:
-high school vs. college
-work (interview, daily environment, demands)
-hospital vs. clinic
-stadium / sports events
MOVIES
THEATER
PHYSICAL
Dress nicely
Dress casually Dress casually
Dress casually
Dress casually Dress nicely
ROLES
Waiters
Servers
Vendors
Family/friends
(food served to you)
(food passed to you)
(you select the food /
sometimes with self-serve
buffet)
(with or without snacks)
Family/Friends/Admission
& Concession Staff
(with or without snacks)
Family / Friends /
Admission & Live Actors,
Singers, Performers/
Usher Staff
(without snacks)
INTERACT
Sit patiently
Drive through
Walk up / sit
Sit or lie down
Unassigned seating
Assigned seating
PSYCHE
Reserved
Friendly
Relaxed
Relaxed
Friendly
Reserved
MEMBER
Patron
Customer
Student
Goer/Patron
(specials for certain
orders)
(limited or no specials
offered)
Family
member
Goer
(specials for seniors /
birthdays, etc.)
(tickets purchased on
the spot)
(tickets purchased in
advance / might have
seasonal tickets)
(paid programming)
SCHEMA APPLICATION / RESULTS
By individuals, by a group, by an institution
-much of the schema we understand is based on living in a hearing society (overtly/covertly)
-generalizations are made based on a hearing perspective / media promotions/propaganda
-defining deafness as a handicap, pathological condition / marginalizes Deaf people
-seeks “normal” hearing role models for Deaf children (denied right to use their language)
-spends time/money toward a “cure” (does not encourage use of sign interpreters)
-focuses on the use of devices to enhance auditory perception / develop speech
-see all other than verbal / aural English as inferior / avoids use of sign language
-supports interaction with hearing vs. Deaf (socially, marital options, etc.-judge,label,limit)
-sees professionals (medical, allied health, educational) as “fixers” to help
“normalize” Deaf children and adults to live in a hearing world (clearly reflects Audism)
-from the hearing society, we find stereotypes for those who are “different” from majority
-such attitudes lead to systematic oppression / institutionalized / internalized oppression
Match the concepts (to avoid oppression!)
____ Stereotyping
____ Oppression
____ Marginalization
____ Audism
____ Pathological View of Deafness
____ Cultural View of Deafness
a. An attitude based on pathological thinking
resulting in a negative stigma toward anyone
who does not hear
b. The unjust/excessive exercise of power /
position that hurts/maligns/disempowers
others
c. Deaf individuals are normal/capable people
who experience life in a different, but
____
acceptable way based on visual norms
d. Pre-judging others based on assumptions
e. The systematic exclusion of minority group
members from quality services, economics,
opportunities, health care, education,
influence
f. Deaf people who are viewed as disabled
and need to be “fixed” if possible
Benefactors as Oppressors
Match the characteristics of “BENE-factors:”
____ Pejorative view of the minority group
____
____
____
____
____
a. Desire to take members of the minority
group under their wing (know it all / stance to
Reciprocity of perspectives
take charge)
b. Feel that being different than the “ideal”
Members of group are innocent/childlike is bad (if a person is fat, poor, blind, etc.)
c. Angry reaction when minority group
Paternalism
members try to change the power balance
d. The result of seeing the world from your own
Need for “approval”
frame/assume members of other groups want
to be like your own (leads to “fix-it” thinking)
“Fear” freedom movements
e. They are incapable of knowing what is best
for them / need others to help make decisions
f. Expectation that minority group members
should make regular expressions gratitude
If benefactors become oppressors, this is the result:
____ Institutionalized oppression
____
____
____
____
____
____
a. frustration at disenfranchisement resulting violence
& hostility that oppressed members take out on each
Ambivalence
other
b. wanting but simultaneously dreading equality and
Fatalism / passivity
empowerment
c. mistaking privilege for perfection (NOT!)
Horizontal violence
d. subtle, long-term conditioning viewing others as less
than” until marginalization becomes “normal”/ accept
“Benefactors are the POIFECT POISON” e. Feeling powerless & believing only members of the
(perfect person)
majority group can change things
f. mixed negative & positive feelings about oneself
Emotional dependence on the oppressor based on society’s view of having a “deficit.”
g. passively taking whatever happens, sensing that
Fear of freedom
you can do nothing to change things
Who is likely to put the cycle of oppression into play?
beneficiaries
b. benefactors
c. friends with benefits
d. fringe benevalants
a.
What must interpreters be careful of?
assumptions you make based on your own schemata
b. wardrobe rules for Deaf people
c. working with other (hearing) interpreters because they have schema too
d. interpreting for deaf interpreters who follow a different schema
a.