Transcript Congress gives power to Wilson - Grants Pass School District 7

• Is there anyone in your life that you
would fight for, no questions asked?
• Why would you fight for them, why
not?
Warm UP # 24
Causes of WWI
1. Imperialism
2. Nationalism
3. Militarism
4. Alliances
5. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• In 1914 the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke
Franz Ferdinand, visited Sarajevo where he was
assassinated by a member of a Serbian nationalist group.
• When Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia all the other
European powers were forced to join into the war.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DpuOa6u6HX0
The spark that starts the war
WWI – US Entrance
• When fighting began President Wilson
declared the United States to be neutral.
• Although most Americans favored the
Allies and hoped they would win, they did
not want to join the conflict.
1. American Neutrality
• In 1914, Britain set up a naval
blockade of German ports.
• In response, German submarines (Uboats) sank all Allied merchant ships
they found off the British coast.
• Unrestricted submarine warfare
outraged many Americans.
• International treaties stated that
military vessels must reveal their
intentions to merchant ships and
make provisions for the safety of
the ship’s crew and passengers
before sinking it.
2. America’s path to war: U-boats
•
This German cartoon is a
bitter commentary on how
they perceived the British
Royal Navy. The two
men in admiral’s uniforms
are supposed to be British
officers.
1. According to the cartoon,
how did the Germans
view the British Navy?
2. In light of this German
perception of the British
navy, why did the
Germans feel justified in
using their U-boats as
they did?
•
1.
2.
3.
This cartoon parodies
the old German
Imperial Anthem,
“Deutschland Uber
Alles”, literally
translated as
Germany Over All.
What might the hand
represent? What is
above the hand?
Is this a positive or a
negative
representation of this
German practice?
Is this cartoon
sympathetic to the
German cause?
Explain.
• In 1915, a German U-boat
torpedoed the Lusitania, a British
passenger ship, after it entered the
war zone
• Killed 1,198 people, including 128
Americans
2. America’s path to war:
The Lusitania
• The rules of naval warfare required warships to
warn merchant ships before attacking and try to
save the lives of passengers and crew.
• But submarines depended on surprise. Their
thinly armored hulls and limited fire power made
them easy targets when they surfaced. Nor did
they have space to take survivors aboard.
• Moreover, the Lusitania was carrying a large
cargo of ammunition to Britain, and Germany
had publicly warned Americans not to travel on
the ship.
2. America’s path to war:
The Lusitania
1.
What does the
sinking ship
represent?
2. What historical event
might this represent?
3. How is the U-boat
represented in this
cartoon?
4. What does the author
think is going to
happen in the near
future? Was his
prediction correct?
• In 1917, a telegram proposing an alliance
between Mexico and Germany.
• In exchange for Mexico’s help, Germany
would help Mexico regain Texas, New
Mexico, and Arizona.
• The telegram was intercepted and leaked to
newspapers. Americans were furious.
2. America’s path to war:
Zimmerman Telegram
•
The Zimmermann Telegram
We intend to begin on the first of February
unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall
endeavor in spite of this to keep the United
States of America neutral. In the event of this not
succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal or
alliance on the following basis: make war
together, make peace together, generous financial
support and an understanding on our part that
Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas,
New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in
detail is left to you. You will inform the
President of the above most secretly as soon as
the outbreak of war with the United States of
America is certain and add the suggestion that he
should, on his own initiative, invite Japan to
immediate adherence and at the same time
mediate between Japan and ourselves. Please call
the President's attention to the fact that the
ruthless employment of our submarines now
offers the prospect of compelling England in a
few months to make peace.
Signed,
Zimmermann
• Public outrage over the sinking of the Lusitania
(unrestricted submarine warfare) and the
Zimmerman telegram forced Wilson to ask for a
declaration of war
• In April 1917 the United States declared war on
Germany.
2. America’s path to war:
Lusitania and Zimmerman
“The world must be made safe
for democracy. We have no
selfish ends to serve. We desire
no conquest, no dominion. We
seek no indemnities for
ourselves, no material
compensation for the
sacrifices we shall freely
make. We are but one of the
champions of the rights of
mankind.”
- Woodrow Wilson
• Describe what affect the Lusitania and the
Zimmerman Telegram had on the US.
• Why do you think that the Zimmerman
Telegram became public knowledge?
Warm Up # 25
• Congress passed the
Selective Service Act in
1917
• This was a nationwide
draft which required men
to register with the
government so that some
of them could be selected
for military service.
• By 1918 nearly 3 million
men had been drafted.
3. Mobilization
• To win the war it was necessary to mobilize the
economy.
• Congress gave President Wilson direct control
over much of the economy, including the power
to fix prices and to regulate certain war-related
industries.
3. Mobilization
• Main regulatory body involved in
mobilization of the economy.
• Told manufacturers what they could and could
not produce.
• Controlled the flow of raw materials.
• Ordered the construction of new factories and
set quotas.
• Set prices
4. War Industries Board
• Other regulatory boards existed also:
• the Railroad Administration controlled the
nation’s railroads
• the Fuel Administration monitored coal
supplies and rationed gasoline and heating oil
• The Fuel Administration board introduced
daylight-saving time.
Other Regulatory Agencies
• Set up to help conserve
food, run by Herbert
Hoover
• “food will win the war”
• Hoover declared one day a
week “meatless”, another,
“sweetless”, two days
“wheatless”, and another
day “porkless”
• Many homeowners planted
“victory gardens”
5. Food Administration
• Secretary of the treasury,
William McAdoo was in
charge of funding the war.
Income taxes were raised and
he organized vigorous
Liberty Bond campaigns
• By buying bonds, Americans
were loaning the government
money. The government
would repay the money, with
interest, in a specific number
of years
6. Financing the War
• They used movie stars and
famous people, organized
rallies and parades, and
newspapers and billboards
ran ads for bonds free of
charge.
• Buying bonds was seen as
an act of patriotism.
• During WWI the US
borrowed $20 billion from
the American people in the
form of bonds.
1. Describe the characters
in the poster. Who might
they represent?
2. Describe the feeling of
the poster. How does the
artist use color to
enhance the message?
3. What message did this
poster attempt to send to
the American public?
• This was the nation’s first propaganda agency and had the
task of selling the war to the American people.
• Headed by George Creel, a former journalist, it relied on
emotion and peer pressure to mold public opinion.
7. Committee on Public
Information
• Creel mobilized the
nation’s artists and
advertising people to
create thousands of
paintings, posters,
cartoons, and
sculptures promoting
the war.
• Patriotic propaganda did much to win support for the war.
But its anti-German focus also fueled prejudice. Suddenly
people distrusted anything German
• A number of towns with German names changed their
names.
• People called sauerkraut “liberty cabbage,” and
hamburger became “Salisbury steak.” Owners of German
Shepherd dogs took to calling their pets “police dogs.”
• Many schools dropped German classes.
• Orchestras stopped performing the music of Beethoven,
Schubert, Wagner, and other German composers.
A little on intolerance
The Sedition Act (1917) – Modified
• Whoever, when the United States is at war, shall willfully utter,
print, write or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or
abusive language about the form of government of the United
States or the Constitution of the United States, or the military
or naval forces of the United States, or the flag of the United
States, or the uniform of the Army or Navy of the United
States in contempt, scorn, contumely, or disrepute, or shall
willfully utter, print, write, or publish any language intended to
incite, provoke, or encourage resistance to the United
States…shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000
or the imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both.
Sedition Act
• 14 Points
• Wilson’s Plan for the end of WWI
• Sells Europe on it, but can’t convince the US Senate to
approve of it
• Includes the League of Nations
• Treaty of Versailles
• Official treaty ending WWI, punishes Germany harshly
• US refuses to sign
14 Points and Treaty of
Versailles