Transcript Chapter 5 - Mr. Robinson`s Website of DOOM

Chapter 5
Leading to War
Key Terms
• Revenue- Money
• Writs of Assistance- Legal documents that allow
officers to enter any location to search for anything
• Resolution- a formal expression of political opinion
• Effigy- A stuffed dummy
• Boycott- Refusing to support business
• Non importation- Not bringing anything into
• Repeal- Canceling
• Admiralty Court- Military Court
Relations with Britain
• Proclamation of 1763
• Keeping a standing
army
• Britain seeks revenue to
pay for the war
Increased Taxes don’t work
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George Grenville, Prime Minister
Angry at smugglers
Civilians tried in Admiralty Courts
Gives Writs of Assistance to tax collectors
Sugar Act
• Actually lowered taxes and made smuggling
more illegal
• So what’s the problem?
Stamp Act
• Every printed document must have a stamp
that must be paid for
• Interferes and inconveniences their lives
• Quartering Act- Soldiers get to live at your
house
Stamp Act Congress
• Patrick Henry
• Virginia passes a resolution saying it is up to
the colonists to approve and decide taxes
Samuel Adams
• Gets together with some rowdy friends and
creates the SONS OF LIBERTY
• Large protest group, burns effigies
Stamp Act Congress
• A group representing 9 colonies meets and
petitions the king asking for the right to
decide taxes
• Stages a mass boycott and non importation
agreement
Declaratory Act, 1766
• Binds the crown and the colonies, “in all cases
whatsoever”
• Repeals the stamp act
Townshend Acts
• Taxes on only imported goods
• The problem is that the goods that are
imported are required for basic needs
Daughters of Liberty
• Advocate for Boycotts
• Wear homemade clothes
• Be independent of Britain
BUILDING COLONIAL UNITY
Trouble in Boston
• The Liberty Affair
• Soldiers aren’t the most savory of individuals
• Bostonians hate the redcoats
The Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
• “We did not send for you. We will not have
you here. We’ll get rid of you, we’ll drive you
away”
• “Fire you bloodybacks, you lobsters, you dare
not fire”
• Throwing stones, snowballs, pieces of wood
Aftermath
• 5 colonists killed, including Crispus Attucks, a
part African, Part Native American
• “Are the inhabitants to be knocked down in
the streets? Are they to be murdered in this
manner?
The Trial
• John Adams defends the soldiers
• Even the most hated redcoats deserve an
honest and fair trial
Propaganda
• Information designed to influence opinion
• Describing the “Massacre”
• Committee of Correspondence- A group of
organizers driving propaganda
Tea Act, 1773
• Actually lowered the price of tea
• East India Trading Company could ship
without paying taxes
• The problem is representation, also it hurt
colonial merchants
The Boston Tea Party
• Threats work for a while
• Dartmouth, Eleanor, and the Beaver
• 60 men dressed as Mohawk Indians destroy
tea shipment
• Why Indians?
Intolerable Acts
• Boston Port Act- Shut down the Boston Port
• Massachusetts Government Act- Put
Parliament in charge of Mass.
• Administration of Justice Act- Gave Parliament
and the Army more power over colonists
• Quebec Act- Gave French more freedom and
power in Quebec
• Quartering Acts- Forced the colonists to house
Soldiers
A CALL TO ARMS
The Proof is in the Songs
• Liberty but continual loyalty
• The Bold Americans SaysWe’ll honor George, our sovereign, while he sits on
the throne.
If he grants us liberty, no other king we’ll own
If he will grant us liberty, so plainly shall you see
We are the boys that fear no noise! Success to
liberty
Where are we in Hamilton
• My Shot
• The Story of Tonight
• Farmer Refuted
The First Continental Congress
• September 1744, 55 men
• Attempting to organize and represent
American interests and get something done
• “The distinctions between Virginians,
Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, and New
Englanders are no more… I am not a Virginian,
but an American”- Patrick Henry
Delegates
• Georgia is absent
• Massachusetts sends the Adams cousins, John
and Samuel
• New York sent John Jay
• Virginia sent Richard Henry Lee, Patrick Henry,
and George Washington
Decisions
• Not united in their views
• Draft a statement of grievances calling for the
repeal of the 13 acts passed
• Declare that the laws violate the fundamental
rule of law and the laws of nature
• Vote to Boycott
• Supported the local militias
First Battles
• Birth of the Minuteman
• “People are evidently making every
preparation for resistance. They are taking
every means to provide themselves with
arms.”
King George Responds
• George goes to Parliament to tell them he’s
sending troops
• “to Concord, where you will seize and destroy
all the artillery and ammunition you can find”
Alerting the Colonists
• April 18, 1775, the British attack
• Dr. Joseph Warren sees the British coming
• Two Lanterns hung in Old North Church in
Boston
Midnight Ride
• Paul Revere and William Dawes ride to
Lexington and warn Samuel Adams and John
Hancock
• The Minutemen are ready for the Redcoats
Lexington and Concord
Lexington and Concord
• At Dawn the redcoats reach Lexington
• About 70 minutemen are waiting for them
• The Shot Heard Round the World
Lexington and Concord
• British troops kill 8 minutemen
• Push them back to Concord
• While the battle is technically a “loss” it is
much more
• 174 wounded British, 74 dead
• Blacksmiths, farmers, saddle makers, and
clerks
More Military Action
• Benedict Arnold seizes Ticonderoga
• Surprises the British
• Who is Benedict Arnold?
Building forces
• Americans build forces and eventually the
“militia” grows to 20,000 in Boston
Battle of Bunker Hill
Bunker Hill
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16 June 1775
1200 Militiamen under Col. William Prescott
Actually takes place on Breed’s Hill
Low on gunpowder and ammunition
British charge 3 times
Lack of ammunition, not casualties that win
the war
Declaring Independence
• It's too late to apologize remix
• Lyrics
Your Assignment
• Pick your own song
• Create one verse and chorus
• Use the Declaration of Independence as a
guide
Moving Towards Independence
The Second Continental Congress
• May 1775
• Members were not set on breaking from
Britain despite Lexington and Concord
• Jefferson is the youngest there, 32 years old
• Franklin is the most popular
• Hancock is probably the richest, president of
the congress
Second Continental Congress
• Starts to govern the colonies, sort of
• Prints money, sets up a post office, and
establishes relations with Natives
• Creates a Continental Army, lead by George
Washington
Olive Branch Petition
• 5 July 1775
• The Last attempt to avoid war with Britain
King George’s Refusal
• King George isn’t having it
• Decides to send 30,000 German Mercenaries
instead, called Hessians
Colonists go on the Attack
• British are planning to invade from Canada
• The Americans take Fort Ticonderoga and
Montreal in November 1775
• Can’t Take Quebec
• The growing Militia spends the winter at Fort
Ticonderoga
Washington arrives at Boston
• Just after the fall of Bunker Hill Washington
makes it to Boston
• By March Washington judges the militia to be
large enough to take Boston
• Fortifies his cannons and points them at
Boston
Thomas Paine
• Prominent writer
• Pushes the colonists towards war
• Cries that it is common sense to stop following
the royal brute
Declaring Independence
• Richard Henry Lee proposes a resolution
– “That these United Colonies are, and of right
ought to be, free and independent states… and
that all political connection betweeen them and
the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be,
totally dissolved”
Drafting the Declaration
• Thomas Jefferson, the youngest (32), is
selected to draft the Declaration
• Adams was the first choice, but he knew
Jefferson was a better writer, and people liked
him more
• Jefferson uses the words of philosophers
Montesquieu and Locke
Quick Facts
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2 July 1776, voted on and partially signed
4 July 1776, revised, finalized, signed
56 signers
John Hancock’s Signature
Copies sent out to the states, the troops, King
George, and Parliament
DOI
• 4 Parts
– Preamble
– Declaration of Natural Rights
– Grievances
– Declaration of Independence
• We hold these truths to be SELF EVIDENT, that
all man are created equal, that they are
endowed by their creator with certain
unalienable rights, that among these are Life,
Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness