Transcript Revolution Presentation Pt.1

The Road to Revolution
Salutary Neglect
 During the early years of
the existence of the
colonies, Parliament opted
for a policy of salutary
neglect or noninterference
 It was too difficult to
control the situation in the
colonies when they were
3000 miles away
North American Land Claims in 1750
The French & Indian War Begins
 England and France had
been at odds with each
other over the Americas
but the final struggle
began in the Ohio Valley
 The French drove out
English fur traders and in
1754 built Fort Duquesne
at the point where the
rivers Monongahela and
Allegheny rivers meet to
form the Ohio river
 The fort posed a serious
threat to the Virginia and
Pennsylvania colonies
George Washington Arrives
 Facing the threat of the
Fort, the colonists, under
the command of 22 year
old George Washington,
attacked the fort
 the Virginia militia were
later captured and
released by the French
signaling what became
the start of the war
A Shift in Support
 General Braddock’s
defeat in a second
attempt to take Fort
Duquesne caused
many Native
Americans to shift
their support to the
French
 At this point the
French were winning
the war!
William Pitt
 When William Pitt became
minister of war in 1758
for Britain the tide shifted
 Pitt realized that by giving
aid to France’s enemies
in Europe he could
effectively split her forces
 By the end of 1758 the
British were again gaining
a foothold in the Americas
Quebec Falls
 On September 13,
1759 – General James
Wolfe defeated
Commander Montcalm
on the Plains of
Abraham
 Montcalm and Wolfe
both die as a result of
their wounds
The Treaty
of Paris
France --> lost her Canadian
possessions, most of her empire in
India, and claims
to lands east of the Mississippi
River.
Spain --> got all French lands west of
the Mississippi River, New Orleans,
but lost Florida to England.
England --> got all French lands in
Canada, exclusive rights to
Caribbean slave trade, and
commercial dominance
in India.
 North American was now divided
between Great Britain and Spain
with the Mississippi River forming
the boundary
The Effects of War
Britain
 It increased her colonial
empire in the Americas.
 It greatly enlarged
England’s debt.
 Britain’s contempt for
the colonials created
bitter feelings because
they felt they had to
support the colonists
overseas
The Colonies
 It united them against a
common enemy for the first
time.
 It created a socializing
experience for all who
participated increasing
feelings of being
“American”
 It created bitter feelings
towards the British that
would only intensify.
The Proclamation of 1763
 After Pontiac’s rebellion
in the west the British
responded by drawing a
boundary line
 This line effectively ended
settlement west of the
Appalachian Mountains
 Colonists protested that
the Proclamation deprived
them of land they had a
right to settle causing
more friction between
colonists and the crown
The Sugar Act
 British taxed colonists on
many of the goods
coming into the colonies
from other places
 The most important of
these was the Sugar Act
of 1764
 Colonial merchants
realized that enforcement
of this act would wipe out
profits of the trade with
the Spanish and French
West Indies
The Stamp Act
 In 1765, British imposed
taxes upon all paper
products and stamped
the item once the tax
had been played.
 This tax was paid
directly to the
government – direct tax
 Products affected
ranged from documents
and wills to playing cards
and newspapers
The Townshend Acts
 This act placed duties
on tea, paper, glass
and paint
 The British repealed
this tax in 1770 except
for the tax on tea
The Protests Begin!
 Patrick Henry’s
speech
 Sons and Daughters
of Liberty
 Benjamin Franklin’s
visit to Parliament
 Boston Massacre
Patrick
Henry
Speaks
Out!
 When the House of
Burgesses met to consider
the Stamp Act in May of
1765 Patrick Henry
introduced the Virginia
Resolutions protesting
Parliament’s action
 In his speech he stated that
since Americans elected no
members to the British
Parliament they should not
be taxed by them
 This came to be know as
“no taxation without
representation”
Sons of Liberty
 The Sons of Liberty carried out
organized resistance by
keeping watch on shopkeepers
suspected of selling British
goods
 A group existed in almost every
colony.
 Members included middle and
upper class citizens, anyone
could join if they were
trustworthy and had the skills
the group needed.
 Famous members included Paul
Revere, John Adams and his
cousin, Samuel Adams.
Daughters of Liberty
 Colonial women organized
the Daughters of Liberty
to boycott British goods
 They gave up imported
clothes, made tea out of
local herbs, and produced
homespun cloth
 One of the most
influential Daughters of
Liberty was Mercy Otis
Warren, who published
pamphlets supporting the
resistance – she had to
publish in a man’s name
The Boston Massacre
 After Parliament repealed the
Townshend duties, the first clash
between British and Americans
took place
 On the night of March 5, 1770, a
crowd of 50 or 60 men and boys
gathered to taunt British soldiers
outside the Boston Customs
House
 When the crowd went as far as
to throw sticks and snowballs at
the redcoats, the soldiers
panicked and opened fire, killing
five men
 The event quickly became known
as the Boston Massacre
The Boston Tea
Party
In 1773 the British East India
Company, facing bankruptcy,
appealed to Parliament for
assistance
 Parliament quickly voted to give
them a monopoly for the trade of
tea in America
 Opposition groups mobilized
against the plan and forcing ships
to turn back at New York and
Philadelphia harbours
 In Boston, Governor Hutchinson
ordered that no ship could leave
harbour without being unloaded
 Colonists on a signal from Sam
Adams disguised themselves as
Mohawks, boarded the ship and
heaved 342 chests of tea into the
harbour
The Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)
 The Boston Port Act - closed
the port of Boston to trade
 The Massachusetts
Government Act - revoked
the colony's charter and
forbade town meetings
 The Quartering Act required the colonists to
provide billets for British
soldiers
 The Impartial Administration
of Justice Act - removed
British officials from the
jurisdiction of Massachusetts
courts
The Quebec Act - 1774
 It was passed at the same
time and considered by many
as one of the Intolerable Acts
 It extended the Canadian
province of Quebec south to
the Ohio River
 It also allowed French
Canadians use of their own
legal system which did not
recognize trial by jury
 The colonists believed The
Quebec Act was designed to
keep American settlers out of
western lands forever