Transcript Bellringer: 2/15 and 2/16

Bellringer: 2/15 and 2/16
 1. Pick up the papers by the door. SIT NEAR YOUR ASSIGNED SEAT!
 2. Go to https://b.socrative.com/login/student/ or open the Socrative Student
app and wait for SOL Quiz #3 to be launched.
Room Name: CQJGKHIF6
 3. Update your ToC:
114: Notes – The End/Effects of WWI
115: WWI Study Guide
 4. Write down your HW:
Study for your WWI mini-test NEXT CLASS; complete your WWI study guide
Agenda: 2/15 and 2/16
1. Bellringer
2. SOL Quiz #3
3. Notes – The End/Effects of WWI
4. Propaganda Poster for WWI
5. Study Guide Work Time
Impact of WWI on Soldiers
WWI was supposed to be a “quick war,” but
with daily advances in technology most
battles ended in stalemate with tens to
hundreds of thousands of soldiers dying…
Casualties of Modern Weaponry & Warfare
 Tactics of sending masses of men toward enemy didn’t work
against modern weapons  why trench warfare developed
 New machine guns/artillery = more deaths during WWI
British suffered 57,470 casualties on the first day of the Battle of
Somme
Total losses for World War I exceeded 10 million
War Takes a Mental Toll: Soldiers’ Welfare
 WWI turns into a war of attrition, not the 6
month war everyone was expecting
 Not “Home by Christmas” as was
originally advertised
 Once, young and eager soldiers proud to
serve their country, now had little faith in
their cause
 Some soldiers were mentally or physically
wounded while many others lost their lives
Wartime Propaganda
World War I on
the Home Front
War on the Home Front:
 Citizens back home made huge
sacrifices (“Victory Gardens”)
 Governments controlled industries,
rationing to help supply soldiers
 Women enter the workforce in
place of men who are fighting
War on the Home Front: Women at Work
 Women poured into the workforce
replacing men who went off to war
 Jobs:
Ran farms
Factory workers
Office assistants
Nurses
War on the Home Front: Women at Work
 Middle and upper class women: paramilitary organizations
40,000 nurses
Cooks
Drivers
Mechanics
13,000 Women’s Land Army
Women’s Wages and Changing Roles
 Paid less than men
 After the war, women were “demobilized” to
make room for men in their jobs.
 Women discovered benefit of financial
autonomy
 Some refused to return to domestic service
 Women won the right to vote throughout Europe
Wartime Economics Have a Bad Aftermath
 WWI left the world financially stressed
 To finance war costs governments:
 Raised taxes
 Took out loans
 Rationed food, clothing, gasoline
 Set prices
 Forbid strikes
 Forced civilian labor
 Enforced “drafts”
World War I Ends: The Aftermath
The First World War Ends
Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire
were first Central Powers to be
defeated
Revolts inside Austria-Hungary
and Germany helped end the
war quickly
November 11, 1918 11 A.M.***
Armistice Day!
Paris Peace Conference -1919
 Dominated by the leaders of the four
major Allied Powers:
 Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)
 David Lloyd George (Britain)
 George Clemenceau (France)
 Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
 Russia was not invited
 Central Powers were given a small
role
In 1919, the Big 4 met in Paris to negotiate
the Treaty of Versailles
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrYhLNQMRro
What do the Big 4 want?
France
Great Britain
America
Georges Clemenceau
David Lloyd George
Woodrow Wilson
Make Germany pay!
Similar to French but worried
it was too harsh
14 Points to establish lasting
peace in Europe
Germany has to be stopped
from invading again
Revenge
Treaty might cause hostility in
the future
Wilson’s 14 Points:
The 14 Points = U.S. President Wilson’s plan for peace after WWI
 Self-determination: boundaries
decided based on people & they
establish their own governments
 Mandate System: Colonial policies
should consider the interests of the
people
 Freedom of Seas: open trading to all
peaceful nations, remove tariffs
 League of Nations: to provide
peaceful means of solving disputes
rather than war
 No secret treaties or alliances
 Arms should be reduced
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jyc
VFL8CNM
Treaty of Versailles
 Signed June 28, 1919
 Made Germany agree to “Guilt Clause”
 Germany pays war reparations of $33 Billion
 Carved large chunks of territory from Germany and placed
many restrictions on the German government.
 Provided for the formation of the League of Nations.
Germany Loses Land after WWI

Alsace-Lorraine returned to
France.
Belgium gained some small
territories along its boarders.
Poland restored as an
independent nation.
The Issue of the Rhineland
 A “buffer zone” between
Germany and France
 Was to be kept free of
German military and
weapons
 Allied troops occupied it
According to the Treaty of Versailles,
Germany was..
 Not allowed to manufacture heavy artillery,
tanks, or airplanes.
 Not allowed to have any submarines (U-boats)
and only a few ships
 BUT, THERE’s A PROBLEM…
Allies lacked ability to enforce imposed
restrictions.
Weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles
 Germany was humiliated
 Sets stage for development of Nazi Party
 Allies ignored the needs of the new
Soviet Government
 International instability was created
in the new nations and mandates
 U.S. returned to isolationist policies
 America dislikes the Treaty of
Versailles (thinks it is unfair!)
Overall End Results of WWI:
 Colonies’ participation in war
increased demands for
independence.
 End of Russian Imperial, Ottoman,
German and Austro-Hungarian
empires
 U.S. - economic giant
 10 million+ are dead and Europe is
in ruins
 Germany is upset and ready for
revenge
http://www.the-map-ashistory.com/demos/tome03/index.p
hp
Europe 1914
WWI Propaganda Poster
Create propaganda poster that would have appeared at the post office, grocery store, bank
or any other public place during WWI. When creating the poster consider the following:
 Color: Is it patriotic or just colorful and eye catching?
 Words: Who is the poster speaking to…rich intellectuals, small children, or someone in between.
 Symbols: Are there any symbols that mean or stand for other things. (e.g. an eagle is a symbol of
freedom)
 Message: Simple……..what is it going to say?
 Audience: Who are you addressing in your poster? Who do you want to be reading this poster?
 Purpose: Which branch of the military or government agency is this poster created to support?
WWI Propaganda Poster
 Must work by yourself to complete the poster.
 Must contain at least 1 image.
 Must contain a reference to a particular nation
 Must contain correct information about WWI. (1914-1918)