Transcript Middle Part of WWI

Middle Part of WWI
Battles, Home front, US entry, and
Total War
Battle of Gallipoli-1915
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The Dardenelles Strait leading from the
Mediterranean to Istanbul caught the Allies eye.
A successful attack in this area could open a sea
lane to the Russians through the Black Sea,
provide a base for attacking the Central Powers
through what Churchill described as the "soft
underbelly of Europe", and divert enemy
attention from the Western Front.
Also known as “War in the Balkans”
Look at Worksheet
Gallipoli Con’t
Casualties were high - approximately
252,000 or 52% for the British/French
 The Ottoman Turks suffered about
300,000 casualties or a rate of 60%.
 The failed campaign gained little and badly
tarnished both Churchill's and Kitchener's
reputations.
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Lawrence of Arabia
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By 1917: All the world was involved in some
form with WWI
In the Middle East: British officer named
“Lawrence of Arabia” urged Arabian Princes to
overrule/revolt against the Ottoman Empire
1918” British crush the Ottoman Empire rule in
the Middle East.
Allowed British to gain more lands, mobilize
troops, etc.
Somme…
Battle of the Somme:
 Jun-Nov 1916: France
 The terrible cost: 600,000 casualties total.
 Purpose/Goal:
1. To weaken German forces and reserves,
2. Territorial gain.
-Divert German troops away from Verdun
-Bloodiest Battle of WWI: First Day 58,000 British
troops alone were causalities
Battle was Indecisive: No one Won
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Battle of Verdun
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France’s weak point
City and area resembled faith
Feb-Dec 1916
Longest battle of WWI (lasted over a year)
Germans’ plan was to “Bleed France White”
German saw Verdun as the key to bringing
down both France and Britain
Ultimate Effect….
 French
casualties during the battle
were estimated at 550,000
 German losses set at 434,000, half of
the total being fatalities.
 The only real effect of the battle was
the irrevocable wounding of both
armies. No tactical or strategic
advantage had been gained by either
side.
War spreads rapidly
Stalemate created a race for new allies in other
areas of Europe.
 Ottoman Empire Joins Triple Alliance
 Italy switches sides due to conflict over territory
owned by Austria-Hungary
 Japan enters on the Allies side in hope to gain
territory
 Middle Eastern countries revolt against their
princes and Kings therefore destroying the
Ottoman Empire remains
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Expansion of war
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Vast area to cover use tactic- War of Attritionkeep attacking; wear down the other side
Airplanes now used more-attack in the sky and
targets on the ground
Germany used-Zeppelins (but not very good for
war due to Hydrogen gas is explosive)
War at Sea-sink anything and everythingSubmarines
Germany used “Unrestricted Submarine
Warfare”
Germany is slowly falling apart
Germany is torn due to fighting two fronts
 Germany looses their imperial colonies due
to lack of naval strength and preoccupied
with fighting France
 Germany decided to do unrestricted
submarine warfare against Britain in hope
they suffocate and surrender
 Germany also used this tactic against the
US in regard to the secret supplies being
shipped between the US and Britain.
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Lusitania: Secret carry of Weapons
The Lusitania
Read 510-512
Fuel is added to the US…
 Zimmerman
Note is discovered
 Secret message intercepted by the US
 Message was going to Mexico from
Germany
 Germany promised Mexico would
receive all the land the US stole from
them back
 Woodrow Wilson asks Congress to
declare war: April 1917
Smart Start:
Describe the progress of WWI from 19141917. (“Whose winning?”)
 How have feelings, attitudes, and opinions
about the war in ALL countries changed since
the outbreak in 1914?
 If you were a civilian of one of the European
countries, how would you be reacting to the
war? What would make you gain feelings of
wanting to continue the war?
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Home front and Total War
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Home front= Anyone not directly fighting in
the war (civilians), but help with the cause
Total War= All resources, goods, materials, and
production are going and made directly for war
purposes
Propaganda was used often to keep the public
in supporting the war effort
War continued lot longer then anyone ever
expected
Governments had to react fast!!!!
Governments take control
Set prices, wages, production, rationing of
food and materials
 Take over of transportation, industries
 Civilians seen as part of the National Army
(Conscription or DRAFT)
 Nationalism decreases, propaganda increases
 Britain, Germany, France had to keep the
public tame. Wanted men back home!!!!!
 No one could protest, rebel, etc. Freedom of
Press and speech were limited (WHY?)
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 Censorship
(trying to keep secrets)
Culture effects
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Propaganda-ONE SIDE INFORMATION:
usually to persuade people
Devouring of food, materials (coal), clothing
(boots, etc), medicine, soap, tents, spades, wire,
vehicles, animals (horses)
Tragic/enormous amount of human loss (death
tolls high)
New deadlier weapons, ammunition, tactics to
war (Gas----will lead to the nuclear bomb)
Culture Con’t
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Women had to go to work outside the homethough jobs after the war is done hard to
find
Spending of money to go to the war- How
do you repay this after it is all said and done
Rationing- Food shortages-need food for
troops-people at home need to cut back
Flu Epidemic-1919 (brought about due to
wartime conditions-even hit US)
Women Are involved
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Take the men place in the work force
Chimney Sweepers, Truck Drivers, farm labor,
factory workers
38% of German workers were women
Only Temporary
1919: 650,000 women unemployed
1920: Women did receive the right to vote in the
US
Examples of Propaganda
Anti-German Feelings rise
Video: Propaganda
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEzx9fWm
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Work Cited
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http://www.stemnet.nf.ca/beaumont/somme.h
tm
Eyewitnesstohistory.com
Firstworldwar.com
World History Textbook: Glencoe:Spielvogel
Worldwarone.com
Google images. Com
World War I: H.P. Willmott