Transcript Active vs. Passive Voice

TODAY
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Produce Show
NOTES: Propaganda
techniques
Read and discuss: Frank
Luntz’s “The 11 Words of
2011”
HOMEWORK:
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“Postable” article
Come up with ideas with
segment before end of
semester!
Festivus is only 9 days away!
Festivus: A non-denominational
holiday to be celebrated by
those frustrated or jaded with
the commercialism and
pressure surrounding the
Christmas/Hanukkah/Kwanzaa
season.
Logical Arguments
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Logical arguments are statements made
up of opinions which can be supported by
REASONS and EVIDENCE.
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Succeeds with…
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Reasons - statements that justify or support
an action or belief.
Evidence - language consisting of facts,
opinions, statistics, examples, anecdotes, or
quotations, etc., to support a reason.
Flawed Persuasive Techniques
Testimonial
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This technique uses the transfer method
of persuasion. An authoritative source or
celebrity will endorse a product, and the
advertisers hope to make positive
connections or transfers between you, the
celebrity and the product. You buy
because you want to be like the endorser.
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[Example] Pro athletes that endorse Nike:
If you buy/wear these shoes, you’ll be like
them.
Flawed Persuasive Techniques
Bandwagon
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This is a technique that encourages people
to act because everyone else is doing so.
It plays on our fear of being left out.
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Example: “Everyone is dressing up on Classy
Wednesday. If you don’t want to be the only
one left out, you need to join in.”
Flawed Persuasive Techniques
Card Stacking
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Presenting only partial information which
gives an inaccurate or slanted impression.
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Example: “Vote for Phil Davison for Stark
County treasurer because he has several
Master’s Degrees.” (Not said: He is nuts.)
Flawed Persuasive Techniques
Loaded Language/Name Calling
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Words that create a strong positive or
negative attitude--toward a person, group,
product or thing--through the effect of the
words’ connotations. (Ex: pushy vs.
confident)
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Example: “Do you really want some Socialist
Muslim running our country?”
Flawed Persuasive Techniques
Circular Reasoning
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What may look like a reason is simply
restating the speaker’s opinion.
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Example: “Our dress code should be abolished
because dress codes should be abolished in the
modern world.”
Flawed Persuasive Techniques
Stereotypes
A biased belief or attitude about an entire
group of people, based on insufficient
evidence.
Example: All tall people
play basketball.
Flawed Persuasive Techniques
Faulty Reasoning
 Begging
the
Question:
 Irrelevant
Evidence:
Assumptions that imply
the truth of a statement
before it is proven.
Impressive information
that may have nothing
to do with the
argument being made.
EXAMPLE: “You need to be
wide awake during your
exams, so be sure to drink
lots of caffeine and you’ll get
a good grade.”
EXAMPLE: “The merchandise
at Designer Mart is top
quality; the products are
shipped from all over the
world.”
Flawed Persuasive Techniques
Faulty Reasoning [cont.]
 False
Premise:
An implied starting point for an argument or case
which is an untrue, distorted, or unproven
assumption.
EXAMPLE:
“The teachers at this school are the best in
the county….The students’ standardized test scores are
top notch.”